Regulation federal

Probably one of the most common complaints from people who use the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is How do you wade through hundreds of pages of 

FIGURE 22.1 Sample cover for the F era//Je wfcr. (Sottrce Courtesy ofU.S. Department of Labor.) 

Each volume of the CFR is revised at least once each calendar year and is issued on a quarterly basis. OSHA issues regulations at the beginning of the fourth 

To determine whether there have been any amendments since the revision date of the U.S. Code volume in which you are interested, the following two lists must be consulted (1) the Cumulative List of CFR Sections Affected, issued monthly and 

29 CFR 1910.147—OSHA General Industry Standard The control of Hazardous Energy 29 CFR 1910.333—OSHA General Industry Standard Use Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 CFR 1910.147 

National Safety Council (NSC). Accident prevention manual for business and industry, 10th edition, Itasca IL, 1992. 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration, The control of hazardous energy. (Lock/Tagout) Standard, 1910.147 U.S. Department of Labor, Washington D.C., 1998. Della-Giustina Daniel E. Safety and environmental management, New York Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 

National Fire Protection Association. The national electrical code handbook, Quincy MA, 2008. 

The National Archives and Record Services also pubhsh the CFR annually in paperback volumes. The CFR contains a compilation of rules previously pubhshed in the FR. This results in a codification of the rules, which take the force of administrative law. The government divides the CFR into 50 titles representing areas of federal regulation. Currency of the CFR happens daily, with updates published daily in FR. The CFR contains 50 divisions, which are revised annually (Table 5.1). 

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, also known as the OSH Act, established OSHA and the NIOSH. Employee and employer coverage comes from federal OSHA jurisdiction or by a state plan approved by OSHA. The act defines an employer as any person engaged in a business affecting commerce with employees, but does not include any state or political subdivision of a state. 

The act does not apply to employees of state and local governments, unless they re located in a state that operates an OSHA-approved state plan. The act assigns OSHA the functions of setting standards and conducting inspections to ensure that employers provide safe and healthful workplaces. Refer to 29 CFR 1975 for additional information about determining what organizations must comply with OSHA standards. OSHA standards may require that employers adopt certain 

Title 42, Health and Human Services (NIOSH, CMS) Title 44, Emergency Management (FEMA) 

5(a) (1) —Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees. 

The CFR is kept up-to-date by individual revisions issued in the Federal Register. These two publications (The CFR and the Federal Register) must be used together to determine the latest version of any given rule. 

As stated previously. Title 29, Chapter XVll, has been set aside for OSHA. Chapter XVH is broken down into parts and is further broken down into subparts, sections, and paragraphs. 

---

With a prescriptive approach to quality assessment, duplicate samples, blanks, standards, and spike recoveries are measured following a specific protocol. The result for each analysis is then compared with a single predetermined limit. If this limit is exceeded, an appropriate corrective action is taken. Prescriptive approaches to quality assurance are common for programs and laboratories subject to federal regulation. For example, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies quality assurance practices that must be followed by laboratories analyzing products regulated by the FDA. 

Code of Federal Regulations, Tide 29, Section 1910.1000 (Sept. 1989). 

Air Contaminants—Permissible Exposure Limit," Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part CFR 1910.1000, OSHA, 1989, p. 3112. 

Federal regulations (40 CFR 261) classify acrylonitrile as a hazardous waste and it is Hsted as Hazardous Waste Number U009. Disposal must be in accordance with federal (40 CFR 262, 263, 264), state, and local regulations only at properly permitted faciUties. It is Hsted as a toxic pollutant (40 CFR 122.21) and introduction into process streams, storm water, or waste water systems is in violation of federal law. Strict guidelines exist for clean-up and notification of leaks and spills. Federal notification regulations require that spills or leaks in excess of 100 lb (45.5 kg) be reported to the National Response Center. Substantial criminal and civil penalties can result from failure to report such discharges into the environment. 

Hazardous Materials Table, Code of Federal Regulations 49CFR 172.101 (revisedNov. 1989). 

Code of Federal Regulations, Tide 21, part 500—599, and Federal Register, Superintendent for Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 

According to the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, food additives may be defined as "substances. .. the intended use of which results or may reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, either in their becoming a component of food or otherwise affecting the characteristics of food" (1). Canada and the European Community have adopted similar definitions. According to this broad definition, a food additive is synonymous to a food ingredient. In practice, however, the word additive is limited to substances that are used in small quantities. 

Hair Coloring Regulation Issues. In the United States the classification of color additives is complex. Under the Federal Food, Dmg and Cosmetic Act, all cosmetic colors must be the subject of an approved color additive petition to the Food and Dmg Administration there is an exception for coal-tar colorants used to color hair. Based on the composition of these colorants, FDA can require a certification on each manufactured batch of colorant to assure conformance with the approved specifications. In the early 1990s FDA has required certification only for synthetically derived coal-tar type colors. Many of the approved color additives, both certified and noncertified, are restricted ia their potential use. These restrictions can be found ia the color additive regulations ia the Code of Federal Regulations at 21 CFR 73 and 74. 

Occupational Safety and Health J ct. OSHA regulations deal principally with physical aspects of safety and those things generally associated with accident prevention. These federal regulations deal especially with the need for estabHshed material safety data sheets and the proper labeling of printing inks under the Hazard Communication Laws. 

---