United States federal pesticide regulations

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) is the main statute under which all pesticides are distributed and sold in the United States. Federal regulation of pesticides started with the Insecticide Act of 1910, which was directed primarily toward protecting consumers from fraudulent pesticide products it remained the major law governing pesticide products for 37 years. The Insecticide Act was essentially a labeling statute and did not require registration of products or establish any significant safety standards. 

A History of Federal Pesticide Regulation in the United States to 1947 (PhDdiss., Emory University, 1973), pp. 335-342. 

Pesticides are more closely regulated than other chemicals because pesticides are intentiaHy appHed in the environment, often repeatedly at relatively high rates. In the United States, pesticides are regulated under the federal Insecticide, fungicide and Rodenticide Act (EIERA), and residues from uses of pesticides in food or feed crops are regulated under Sections 408 and 409 of the federal food, Dmg and Cosmetics Act (EEDCA). 

In the United States, the Universal Waste Regulations have so far streamlined the hazardous waste management standards for the above U.S. Federal universal wastes (batteries, pesticides, thermostats, and lamps). The regulations govern the collection and management of these widely generated wastes. This facilitates environmentally sound collection and increases the proper recycling or treatment of the universal wastes mentioned above. 

Surprisingly, it was 37 years before a law was written to replace the 1910 Act. This replacement was the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). First passed in 1947 and amended many times since, this act is now administered by the EPA. FIFRA regulates all pesticides and other agricultural chemicals, such as plant growth regulators, used in the United States. Establishing the requirement that the... 

The use and sale of pesticides are strictly regulated by both federal and state laws to protect public health and the environment. No one can use pesticides without encountering these laws either directly or indirectly, and all professional workers should be familiar with them. In this chapter, we will summarize the major provisions of the current laws. There are three important federal pesticide laws in the United States (Anonymous, 1997 Ware and Whitacre, 2004). Pesticides are regulated by three federal agencies, namely, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 

A number of governments have established common requirements for the protection of human subjects involved in research studies. These have been codified in the United States through the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR 26). In addition to this common rule . Section 12(a)(2)(F) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) provides that it shall be unlawful for any person to use any pesticide in tests on human beings unless they (1) are fully informed about the nature of the tests and the potential health consequences, and (2) freely volunteer to participate. 

II. FEDERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING PESTICIDES IN THE UNITED STATES... 

Federal regulation of pesticides in the United States is accomplished by the joint effort of three agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers (approves) the use of pesticides and establishes tolerances (maximum allowable residue concentrations) for potential residues that may occur in or on foods. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces these tolerances for residues in foods, except for meat and poultry, which are the responsibility of the U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 

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