Fatty acids stearic acid

Tristearin is the primary fat in beef. It is a triglyceride, a molecule of glycerin that has reacted with three molecules of the fatty acid stearic acid. 

This finding has been replicated several times in clinical studies. Let me cite one example. In a careful metabolic study carried out in 1990, Mensink and Katan determined the plasma LDL/HDL ratio when 10% of the energy from oleic acid was replaced in the diet by either the corresponding trans fat or the corresponding saturated fatty acid, stearic acid. The resulting LDL/HDL ratios were 2.02 on the oleic acid diet, 2.34 on the stearic acid diet, and 2.58 on the trans fatty acid diet. This is one more example of the impact of small structural changes in molecules on their biological properties. 

Figure 17.4 Parallel beta oxidation pathways for a xenobiotic substituted benzene, 5-phenyl pen-tanoic acid, and a naturally occurring fatty acid, stearic acid (Nelson and Cox, 2000).

Fatty acids, stearic acid, ketone bodies... 

The longer chained fatty acids, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids are all cholesterol elevating fatty acids and it is possible that myrictic acid is the most cholesterol elevating fatty acid. Stearic acid is, however, different from the other longer chained fatty acids present in dairy fat since it may have neutral effects on cholesterol level (Katan et ah, 1994). The proportion of stearic acid in milk fat is about 11% (Lindmark-Mansson et ah, 2003). 

Soap is the sodium salt of a fatty acid (stearic acid). Fatty acids have a long hydrocarbon chain with an acidic group (COOH) at one end. Soap is made by the reaction between stearic acid and sodium hydroxide. 

Thus, combination of one acetate starter unit with seven malonates would give the Ci6 fatty acid, palmitic acid, and with eight malonates the Ci8 fatty acid, stearic acid. Note that the two carbons at the head of the chain (methyl end) are provided by acetate, not malonate, whilst the remainder are derived from malonate, which itself... 

Figure 26-5. Principle of the 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test. Absorption of 13C-mixed triglycerides requires prior hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase (1), which leads to production of free fatty acids (stearic acid) and monoacylglycerol [2-(l-13C)octanoylglycerol]. These metabolites are incorporated into micelles, absorbed, and transported to the liver (2). Further degradation by hepatic enzymes and P-oxidation results in formation of 13C02, which is absorbed into the bloodstream, transported to the lung, and exhaled (3). Thus, exhalation of 13C02 reflects intestinal lipolysis and is a marker of pancreatic exocrine function.

Tallow fatty acid - Stearic acid Oleic acid... 

Some materials tend to form granules when sieved. Coating the particles in order to reduce cohesiveness can often reduce this effect. Powders may, for example, be shaken in a container with 1% fatty acid (stearic acid is often used) or fumed silica. Alternatively, the powder may be sieved wet. The addition of 0.1% sub-sieve carbon black has been found useful (although rather messy) for eliminating electrostatic charge. 

Figure 1. Generalized amphiphilic molecular structure. The lipophilic portion is the long-chain fatty acid stearic acid.

Chart 4.1. A selection of molecules used to form LB films a) a fatty acid stearic acid), b) (ti-tricosenoic acid (o)-TA), (c) a substituted anthracene (9-butyUlO-anthrylpropionic add), and (d) a substituted phthalocyanine tetra-4-tert-butylphthalocyaninatosilicon duMoride). 

Fatty acids can be grouped into two main categories depending on the presence or absence of double bonds between carbon atoms. Fatty acids that contain no double bonds are referred to as saturated. Those that have one or more double bonds are called unsaturated. Figure 24-12 shows the structures of two common fatty acids. Stearic acid is an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid oleic acid is an 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid. What makes oleic acid unsaturated ... 

Glycerol stearate Glycol stearate Isopropyl myristate Ethyl oleate Fatty Acids Stearic acid Laurie acid Palmitic acid Oleic acid Fatty Alcohols Cetyl alcohol Stearyl alcohol... 

The lipid membrane is made up of a variety of fat-derived chemicals, the most important of which are the phospholipids (or lecithins) and ceramides. Phosphatidylcholine (13.7) is a typical phospholipid. The molecular structure is based on glycerol, propan-1,2,3-triol. Two of the alcohol functions are esterified with fatty acids, stearic acid in this case, and the third (one of the primary alcohol functions) with phosphoric... 

Fatty acids are long-chain monocarboxylic acids. As a consequence of their bios)m-thesis, fatty acids generally contain an even number of carbon atoms. The general formula for a saturated fatty acid is CH3(CH2) COOH, in which n in biological systems is an even integer. If n = 16, the result is an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid, stearic acid, having the following structural formula ... 

Draw one possible structure of a triglyceride that contains the three fatty acids stearic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid. 

Oleic acid is an 18-carbon fatty acid with a single double bond derived from the saturated fatty acid, stearic acid. 

Certain insoluble substances will spread on the surface of a liquid such as water until they form a monomolecular layer. Long-chain fatty acids, stearic acid and oleic acid, are classical examples. The —COOH group at one end of the molecule is strongly attracted to the water, while the long hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic. 

Carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains can be obtained from hydrolysis of fats or oils. They are called fatty acids. Stearic acid is a fatty acid and its sodium salt (sodium stearate) is used as soap. The hydrocarbon chain in a fatty acid may be saturated, as in stearic acid, or it may be unsaturated (contain a double bond). Oleic acid, obtained from corn oil, contains one double bond, whereas fatty acids with more than one double bond can be prepared from vegetable oils. 

Gangliosides are carbohydrate-rich complex lipids (Fig. 5.1). They are a major component of neuronal cells and are essential for brain function. They contain sph-ingosine, fatty acid, and an oligosaccharide chain that vary in size from one to four or more monosaccharides. They are present in the external leaflet of the neural membrane (Shioiri et al., 2009). The hydrophobic moiety of ganglioside consists of sphingosine and fatty acid (stearic acid, 95%). This moiety is inserted into the neural membrane, while the hydrophilic moiety, consisting of sialic acid (NANA) and other carbohydrates, protrudes toward the extracellular fluid. 

Fatty acid Stearic acid, + acetic acid [27] Development of... 

Capric acid Caprylic acid Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Laurie acid Methyl ethyl cellulose Myristic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid Propylene glycol mono- and diesters of fats and fatty acids Stearic acid Triethyl citrate stabilizer, foam hair care Cocotrimonium methosulfate Hydrolyzed wheat gluten Linoleamide DEA PEG-75 lanolin... 

The focus of this chapter is on the chemosensory properties of stearic acid in the human oral cavity. Stearic acid is an eighteen-carbon, saturated fatty acid. As with other long-chain fatty acids, stearic acid is thought to be detected by multiple sensory systems in the human oral cavity [4, 7, 8, 11, 20,22]. 

Stearic acid is a saturated, waxy, fatly acid, which is extracted from animal or vegetable fats and oils. In nature, stearic acid occurs primarily as a mixed triglyceride, or fat, with other long-chain acids and as an ester of a fatty alcohol (i.e., coconut oil and cocoa butler). It is much more abundant in animal fat than in vegetable fat, lard and tallow. Currently, stearic acid is derived mostly from palm oil and contains no trans-fatty acids. Stearic acid is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and can be added in small amounts (usually <5%) to pharmaceutical products. 

Fatty acids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, myristic acid, oleic acid), sterols (P-sitosterol, p-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside)... 

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