Fatalities, reporting

One eritical factor that has been neglected in considering mechanisms of cardiac fatalities is the timeframe for various types of toxicities. For example, a majority of cocaine-related fatalities and near fatalities reported from emergency rooms are attributed to one or more types of cardiac ischemic or hypertensive episodes (Isner et al. 1986). Thus, these studies may discount the cocaine-induced arrhythmias and conduction defects as important direct causes of fatalities. Yet, if coroner reports are used as data sources (Virmani et al. 1988 Wetli and Wright 1979 Mittleman and Wetli 1984), there are great numbers of deaths in which pulmonary effusion and lack of evidence for coronary occlusion, acute myocardial infarction, or... 

Year Total ADR reports Total fatal reports Fatal reports (% of total)... 

Until recently, CBER was the only center doing postlicensure inspections and remains the only center engaged in preapproval inspections. CBER surveillance of licensed products was described in 1998 as the inspection of manufacturing facilities for compliance with regulations, verification that product lots conform to preapproval standards and product consistency prior to their release into distribution, and evaluation of surveillance reports, such as adverse experience reports and blood fatality reports (Sensabaugh, 1998, p. 1012). 

The most likely cause of unintentional pediatric fatalities reported between 1983 and 1990 was iron supplements, representing approximately 30 percent of all deaths (16 of 53). From 1986 to 1995, over 110,000 such pediatric incidents were reported, including 33 deaths. The children who died had swallowed possibly as few as five to as many as 98 tablets. Antidepressants represented an additional 18.9 percent (10 of 53) of fatalities in the pediatric population between 1983 and 1990. 

Obtain Hospital Casualty/Fatality Report (HICS Form 259) from the Public Information Officer and Planning Section Chief and report to appropriate authorities the following minimum data Number of casualties received and types of injuries treated. Current patient capacity (census) Number of patients hospitalized, discharged home, or transferred to other facilitie Number dead. Individual casualty data name or ph reical description, sex, age, address, seriousness of injury or condition. ... 

Hies Form 259 - Hospital Casualty/Fatality Report... 

No fatalities reported with zaleplon fatalities have occurred with other sedative hypnotics sedation, confusion, ataxia, hypotension, respiratory depression, coma... 

Carbamates and OPs are chemicals that are often used as fungicides, insecticides, or pesticides and possess actions similar to nerve agents. These compounds are considered weapons of opportunity since their primary use is not by conventional militaries. In the USA, toxicity from these compounds is fairly rare. In 2006, there were approximately 1,200 cases of carbamate exposures and 1,500 organophosphate exposures documented for children 19 years old and younger (Bronstein et al, 2007). Although there were a few fatalities reported in 2006 from these substances, these fatalities occurred only in older individuals. 

The fatalities reported to the federally administered (US) VAERS have been examined (34). A total of 1266 deaths were reported to VAERS between July 1990 and June 1997. Table 4 shows the numbers of deaths by age (total sample 1199 individuals) and Table 5 shows the causes of death (total sample 1244 individuals). 

Silvers LE, Ellenberg SS, Wise RP, Varricchio FE, Mootrey GT, Salive ME. The epidemiology of fatalities reported to the vaccine adverse event reporting system 1990-1997. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2001 10(4) 279-85. 

Table 33.3 Annual input of adverse reaction reports to CSM and total number of fatal reports...

Levamlsole G+, M+, N+ May have nicotinic and muscarinic effects at cholinergic receptors. Gastroenteritis, dizziness, headache after 2.5-mg/kg dose repotted. Fatality reported after ingestion of 15 mg/kg in a 3-year-old and 32 mg/kg in an adult. Disulfiram-like ethanol interaction may also occur. 

Kalant H The pharmacology and toxicology of ecstasy (MDMA) and related dmgs. CMAJ 2001 165(7) 917-928. [PMID 11599334] (Detailed review ot MDMA fatalities reported in the literature.)... 

A review on nutmeg poisoning indicated that the last fatality reported in the medical literature related solely to nutmeg was in 1908 (Barceloux 2009 Cushny 1908). 

As can be seen in any other mode of transportation, accidents do happen involving ships. There seems to be rise in the fatal accidents in recent times, despite technological development. The following Fig. 1 describes the statistics of number of fatalities reported for last decade. As can be seen, although overall trend is towards reduction, there is scope for further improvement with regard to maritime safely. 

Figure 1. Number of fatalities reported for Cargo ships covering last decade.

Bacteria The annual report of the UK Hemovigilance Office mentions one fatal transfusion-related infection (0.08% of all reports) associated with bacterial contamination of erythrocytes [7 ]. In the USA two fatal cases comprised 5% of all transfusion-related fatalities reported [8 ]. Of Dutch reports of post-transfusion bacteremia, one was assessed as having plausibly resulted from a bacterially contaminated blood component [6 ]. 

Food and Drug Administration. Fatalities Reported to FDA Following Blood Collection and Transfusion. Annual Summary for Fiscal Year 2010. http //www.fda.gov/ downloads/BiologicsB lood V accines/Safety-Availability/ReportaProblem/Transfusion-DonationFatalities/U CM254860. pdf. 

LDjo (rat, ipr) > 2000 mg/kg. Exp. reprod., fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. Fatalities reported when used in combination anticancer chemotherapies. UV9009810... 

Analysis of both fatal and non-fatal reportable accidents for the year 1985 is given in Table 30.1 and, whilst the detailed numbers vary from year to year, the pattern remains fairly constant. This table does give a good indication of the typical problem areas. 

The objectives for the next year were zero fatalities, reportable injuries less than two and lost-time injuries less than five. 

The key to Petersen s message is prediction. While this author listed the types of activities that research found to be prominent in serious injury and fatality reports, each entity should develop its own list, relating to its inherent risks and history. 

Fatality reports, only, were received from the federal government entity. Their thoroughness was commendable. Seldom do comments in incident investigation reports relate to the inadequacy of policies set at an upper management level, or of the appropriateness of standards and procedures, or decisions made affecting the design of the workplace and work methods. These reports did so.Tliey prove that it can be done. 

Safety Number of process safety incidents Distribution incidents reportable to the Department of Transportation Lost workday incidence and workplace fatalities reportable to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Product safety Process in place to prioritize chemicals according to potential risk Summary of process available to public Fatalities Lost-time ii ury frequency... 

Coury et al. (1999) Alberta—Canada Describe farm injury accidents and fatalities reported in Alberta (1976-1989) and also compare the data on injury accidents (1995) Farming Fatal and non-fatal... 

A major review discussed 4113 recorded fatalities reported in 2012 during post-market sxuveillance of deferasirox, noting a mortality rate of 11.7% [IT ]. The author cites indiscriminate and uncontrollable use of deferasirox and recommends that deferiprone and deferoxamine, individually or in combination, be used in lieu of deferasirox. Subsequent commentaries in the same issue include a commentary from a scientist at Novartis (the manufacturer of deferasirox) challenging the credibility of the sources of data and a rebuttal by the article s author. 

Accident Investigation Report Fatality Report (Death Certificate, if applicable) Official Investigative Committee report Police Report (if applicable)... 

Recent studies by the Health and Safety Executive using the Labour Force Surveys (which send questionnaires to households) indicate that only 55% (1997/98) of all non-fatal reportable injuries in construction are actually reported to the Executive and local authorities. This is actually an improvement - in 1989/90 the figure was as low as 38%, rising to 46% in 1994/95. Commentary on the disparity between reality and what is reported is presented annually in the Health and Safety Commission s Statistical Review. The information can be regarded only as an indication of the position for any given year. 

Although there were a few fatalities reported in 2006 from these substances, these fatalities occurred only in older individuals. 

Jacobs, G., A. Aeron-Thomas, and A. Astrop. 2000. Estimating global road fatalities. Report No. TRL 445. Transport Research Laboratory, Wokingham, U.K. 

The fatality reporting requirements remain unchanged (i.e., employers must report work-related fatalities within 8 hours of finding out about them). 

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