Fabrics study

Peer-reviewed journals [39,135,136] proceedings contributions [53,137] chapter in encyclopedia [138], See also [139] for a conceptual and fabrication study of a micro dosage device generating two droplets from different sources which can be merged. 

The silk fabric studied was an unweighted plain woven Chinese silk habutae (Testfabrics, Inc., Middlesex, NJ, Style No. 605) with 126 ends/in. (37.6 denier) and 117 picks/in. (32.1 denier) and weighing 1.11 oz/yd2. The fabric had been degummed (14). Fabric was taken from the same bolt for all tests. 

Types of twined fabric structures composed of bast or phloem fibers and feathers were identified in prehistoric fabrics of southeastern North America by chemical and physical analyses and technical fabrication studies. Fabrics and either partially or completely mineralized pseudomorphs after fabric from the Tunacunnhee and Etowah sites in Georgia (dated respectively A.D. 150 95 years and about A.D. 1200) were examined. The work confirms the presence of at least two types of twined structures for the earlier Hopewell site and intricately constructed re-plied yarns and twined fabric for the later Mississippian one. The study of fabrics from both sites provides evidence of the kinds of materials produced and used by prehistoric peoples of the region during a 1000-year interlude. 

The book presents invited reviews and original short notes with recent results obtained in fabrication study and application of nanostructures, which are promising for new generations of electronic and optoelectronic devices. 

Benn K (1999) Apphcations of magnetic anisotropies to fabric studies of rocks and sediments. Tectonophysics 307 7-10... 

Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMDMH) and 3-methylol-2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidinone (MTMIO) were mixed in different ratios in textile finishing systems for cellulose fabrics. The mixtures of 2,2,5,5-tetrame thylimidazolidinone (TMIO) and hydantoin rings on the grafted cellulose provided a combination of imide, amide and amine halamine stmctuies in different ratios after chlorination. These combinations improved both the power and stability of the biocidal properties of the treated cotton and polyester/cotton blend fabrics studied. Repeated laundering tests showed that even a small amount of added amine halamines could substantially reduce the loss of active chlorine and increase the power of the biocidal functions on the fabrics. The results were discussed. 12 refs. 

S. Youn, T. Noguchi, M. Takahashi, and R. Maeda, Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, forming and mold fabrication studies for hot-embossing of a polyimide microfluidic platform. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 18(4), 45025, 2008. 

J.W.S. Hearle, V. Ozsanlav, Nonwoven fabric studies. Part 5 Studies of adhesive-bonded nonwoven fabrics. Part 3 The determination of fibre orientation and curl, J Text Inst 70 (1979) 487-497. 

The results of the morphological study were used to outline an improved fabrication schedule for Zircaloy-2 [132]. This schedule has been used successfully by commercial fabricators while more complete fabrication studies are being made. The material obtained from this procedure has a microstructure such as that shown in Fig. 5-21. It is essentially free of stringers, contains little or no intcrmetallic precipitate, and has small equiaxed grains with essentially a random orientation as seen under polarized light. 

Ciusory fabrication studies have been performed during the course of the alloy development program in the preparation of sheet specimens for studies of the transformation kinetics [143]. All the Zr-Nb-X alloys have been hot-rolled from 800°C (juite succes.sfully. A sponge-base Zr-15Nb arc casting has been. successfully extruded at 950°C to form rods. While the fabrication techniciues developed are adequate for the production of specimen material, they are not necessarily optimum for the commercial production of plate, sheet, bar, rod, and wire in these alloys. 

H. Ohya, S. Shiki, H. Kawakami, Fabrication study of polysulfone hoUow-fiber micro-filtration membranes Optimal dope viscosity for nucleation and growth. Journal of Membrane Science, 326 (2009) 293-302. 

Due to their easy fabrication, studies on the mechanical properties and oxidation performance of particulate or whisker reinforced TMCs are more active in... 

Many complex systems have been spread on liquid interfaces for a variety of reasons. We begin this chapter with a discussion of the behavior of synthetic polymers at the liquid-air interface. Most of these systems are linear macromolecules however, rigid-rod polymers and more complex structures are of interest for potential optoelectronic applications. Biological macromolecules are spread at the liquid-vapor interface to fabricate sensors and other biomedical devices. In addition, the study of proteins at the air-water interface yields important information on enzymatic recognition, and membrane protein behavior. We touch on other biological systems, namely, phospholipids and cholesterol monolayers. These systems are so widely and routinely studied these days that they were also mentioned in some detail in Chapter IV. The closely related matter of bilayers and vesicles is also briefly addressed. 

Another approach to the fabrication of LB films from prefonned polymers is to fonn a hydrophobic main chain by reacting monomers tenninated by a vinyl group [102, 103, 104, 105 and 106]. The side groups studied also included perfluorinated hydrocarbon chains, which tilt with respect to the nonnal to the plane of the film, whereas the analogous ordinary hydrocarbon chains do not [105]. 

Mutagenic and later carciaogenic properties were found for tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (148—150), a flame retardant used on polyester fabric ia the 1970s. This product is no longer on the market. The chemically somewhat-related tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate has been intensively studied and found not to display mutagenic activity (148,149,151). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate appears to be a weak tumor-iaducer ia a susceptible rodent strain (150). 

Copolymeis of ethylene [74-85-1] and tetiafluoioethylene [116-14-3] (ETFE) have been alaboiatory curiosity for more than 40 years. These polymers were studied in connection with a search for a melt-fabricable PTFE resin (1 5) interest in them fell with the discovery of TFE—HFP (FEP) copolymers (6). In the 1960s, however, it became evident that a melt-fabricable fluorocarbon resin was needed with higher strength and stiffness than those of PTFE resins. Earlier studies indicated that TFE—ethylene copolymers [11939-51 -6] might have the right combination of properties. Subsequent research efforts (7) led to the introduction of modified ethylene—tetrafluoroethylene polymer [25038-71-5] (Tefzel) by E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co., Inc, in 1970. 

There are, however, continuing difficulties for catalytic appHcations of ion implantation. One is possible corrosion of the substrate of the implanted or sputtered active layer this is the main factor in the long-term stabiHty of the catalyst. Ion implanted metals may be buried below the surface layer of the substrate and hence show no activity. Preparation of catalysts with high surface areas present problems for ion beam techniques. Although it is apparent that ion implantation is not suitable for the production of catalysts in a porous form, the results indicate its strong potential for the production and study of catalytic surfaces that caimot be fabricated by more conventional methods. 

Deposition of Thin Films. Laser photochemical deposition has been extensively studied, especially with respect to fabrication of microelectronic stmctures (see Integrated circuits). This procedure could be used in integrated circuit fabrication for the direct generation of patterns. Laser-aided chemical vapor deposition, which can be used to deposit layers of semiconductors, metals, and insulators, could define the circuit features. The deposits can have dimensions in the micrometer regime and they can be produced in specific patterns. Laser chemical vapor deposition can use either of two approaches. 

Despite extensive studies, laser photochemical deposition has not yet replaced the conventional processes for fabrication of integrated circuits, except in selected appHcations such as making and breaking of selected links for customization of circuits and in the repair of defects. The reason is that laser processing of an entire wafer has remained more expensive than the conventional processes. 

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