Materials and Specimens

The first specimen was investigated without any fire-protection measures (specimen designated NC for noncooled). The remaining two specimens were equipped with a water-cooling system to prevent as far as possible the heating of the material. Water circulated in the cells at a flow rate of 2.5 cms. The specimen designated WCl was subjected to 1 h of heating, while specimen WC2 was exposed to fire for 2 h. 

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When the load has reached a critical plateau value, the crack continues to propagate at constant load. Crack propagation can be stopped by removing the load, with the implication that several readings can be made on one test specimen. Crack velocity is determined by the crosshead speed, modulus of the material and specimen dimensions. 

Materials and Specimen Preparation. ABS 2 and ABS 3 were prepared by dry and melt blending of ABS 1 with a rigid polySAN. The styrene/acrylonitrile ratio of the polySAN used for blending was the same as that present in the parent ABS 1. Polydiene contents are in the order ABS 1 > ABS 2 > ABS 3. 

Pathological material and specimens from five hundred human victims were turned over to the Americans. The number of people actually experimented upon was far higher, and almost certainly ran into four figures. 

Luepke NP, ed. (1979) Monitoring Environmental Materials and Specimen Banking. Proceedings of the International Workshop, Berlin (West), 23 — 28 October 1978. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, Boston, London. 

Sampling Selection of materials and specimens, identification of population, selection of method/ sampling model, sample number/mass/size, sampling plan, collection techniques, compilation of logistics, preparation of tools, timing, meaningful and representative collection, minimization of contamination and analyte losses (here and in all other steps), conservation of spedation... 

The force and extension parameters need to be normalized to enable comparisons between different materials and specimen sizes. This can be done by converting the force to a stress defined as the force, F, divided by the area, A, over which it is applied. 

Wings are easily detached from both museum training material and specimens caught in the field and may be robustly mounted on slides for analysis. 

This research was supported by NIH (NIAMS) ROl AR 047192 and Stryker. Some of the UHMWPE materials and specimens were donated by Orthoplastics, Ltd. 

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