Reinforcement whisker

Whey protein Whilhelmy plate techniqi Whipped cream Whipped toppings Wliipping CTeain Whipworm Whisker reinforcements Whiskers... 

There are three kinds of metal-matrix composites distinguished by type of reinforcement particle-reinforced MMCs, short fiber- or whisker-reinforced MMCs, and continuous fiber- or sheet-reinforced MMCs. Table 1 provides examples of some important reinforcements used in metal-matrix composites as well as their aspect (length/diameter) ratios and diameters. 

The SiC whisker-reinforced alumina composite, a model for engineered materials, has opened new vistas for tool material development. Whereas SiC whisker-reinforced alumina is used extensively for the machining of nickel-base superaHoys, SiC whiskers react chemically with steel, causing rapid wear on the rake face. Attempts are underway to replace SiC whiskers with less reactive whiskers such as TiC or TiN. 

SiC whisker-reinforced alumina is a major advance in tool material development, as it provides a means to increase the fracture toughness of the material via the composite material approach. It is entirely possible that in the next century many new whiskers of refractory, hard materials will be made... 

Table 4. Whisker Reinforcements for Ceramic-Matrix Composites...

Toughening for whisker-reinforced composites has been shown to arise from two separate mechanisms frictional bridging of intact whiskers, and pullout of fractured whiskers, both of which are crack-wake phenomena. These bridging processes are shown schematically in Figure 13. The mechanics of whisker bridging have been addressed (52). The appHed stress intensity factor is given by ... 

Table 7. Whisker Reinforcement of Various Ceramic Matrices ...

Whisker reinforcement is a viable method of toughening composites. However, health considerations associated with the aspiration of fine, high-aspect-ratio whiskers raise serious concern about their widespread use. 

Willard H. Sutton, B. Walter Rosen, and Donald G. Flom, Whisker-Reinforced Plastics for Space Applications, SPE Joumai, November 1964, pp. 1203-1209. 

S.W. Lim, Y. Nishida, "Superplasticity of whisker reinforced 2024 aluminium alloy composites fabricated by squeeze casting" Scr. Metall Mater. 32, 1911, 1995... 

Ceramic composites, which use ceramic fiber or whisker reinforcement in a ceramic matrix, are less susceptible to brittle failure since the reinforcement intercepts, deflects and slows crack propagation. At the same time, the load is transferred from the matrix to the fibers to be distributed more uniformly. These ceramic composites are characterized by low density, generally good thermal stability, and corrosion resistance. 

Recent development of mbber nanocomposites by other nanofillers includes piezo-mbber application by incorporating lead-zirconate by Tandon et al. [69], Fe-containing silicone mbber by Yurkov et al. [70], and crab shell whisker-reinforced natural mbber nanocomposites by Nair and Durfreshe [71]. 

Aluminate cement, 2 415-416 Aluminate ions, silica sols and, 22 394s Aluminates, 2 273-279 analysis, 2 275-276 chemical reactions, 2 273-274 dispersants, 8 710t economic aspects, 2 275 health and safety factors, 2 276 manufacture, 2 274-275 physical properties of, 2 273-274 uses of, 2 276-277 Alumina trihydrate (ATH), 2 274 in synthetic fillers, 11 314-315 Alumina whisker reinforcement, 5 574t Alumina xerogels, X-ray diffraction of, 23 78... 

Whipple s rules, 20 138 Whisker reinforcement, 5 554, 555, 654 performance in ceramic—matrix composites, 5 572-575 physical properties, 5 557t synthesis, 5 642-643 and toughening, 5 622 Whiskers, silicon carbide, 22 533-534 White... 

Becher, P.F. and Tiegs, T.N. (1987). Toughening behavior involving multiple mechanisms whisker reinforcement and zirconia toughening. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, 651-654. 

The benefits of SiC whisker-reinforced aluminum can be seen in Figure 5.109. The room-temperature stiffness (modulus) of the composite is about 50% higher than that... 

---