Export Market Development

Reference has already been made to the first technical mission sent to Europe in May 1961. This group consisted of representatives of the Prairie Regional Laboratory and Industry. It went to Europe to look at the utilization of rapeseed. In September 1961, the first trade delegation concerned primarily with rapeseed was headed by J. Gordon Ross and traveled to Britain and Europe. It included representatives of grain handling companies, research scientists, and trade officials of the federal government. 

In April 1964 the first Canadian rapeseed trade delegation traveled to Japan, it being Canada s largest customer for rapeseed. The Japanese have been growing rapeseed for many generations but the pressure of a larger population on a small land base has made them look abroad for farm com- 

In recent years the emphasis has been on sales of processed rapeseed products and some countries, including Japan, have purchased these value added products. Canada now is the world s largest exporter of rapeseed and has a domestic crushing capacity of around 1.5 million tonnes per year. 

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This would be a breathtaking change even within a large country like country U. For the Asian Pacific countries, such as country T, consideration would need to be given both to health effects on own population (Hsieh et ah. Chapter 13) and to possible sales to or purchases from abroad. For products developed within its own country, the profits from foreign sales of new products should be added to the measure of benefits from improving own-population health. This would imply a very different role for cost-effectiveness analysis than the traditional public health model. It would need to take economic development goals into account as well, and it may prove difficult to help domestic and export markets separate. 

Nycander, G.A. 2000. Securing Access to the EU Market Organic Exports from Developing Countries - Case study on Uganda. Swedish International Development Authority, Stockholm. 

McCoy, S. and Parlevliet, G. 2000. Export Market Potential for Clean and Organic Agricultural Products. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. 

Shah Deniz is an offshore non-associated gas/condensate field, which is being developed primarily to supply natural gas to export markets in Turkey - and associated liquids to international markets via the crude oil pipeline systems. Production will be brought ashore at Sangachal, where a major gas terminal is to be constructed. In November 2002, the agreement was reached with BOTAS, the Turkish state-owned gas company, for the sale of Shah Deniz gas to Turkey with deliveries commencing in August 2006. 

Apart from competing for markets, developing country producers and exporters face many challenges, including that of quality issues. Spice exports are subject to strict quality standards for food safety set by the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) and the European Spice Association (ESA). Demand is growing for high quality and processed spices. This trend for value-added products offers new business opportunities in the spice trade. 

Livestock. New Zealand has traditionally provided sheep and dairy products for the export market so it is not surprising to see well-developed organic meat products... 

It is worth noting here that the initial main arguments against REACH - allegedly high costs and lower competitiveness - could not be successfully substantiated (see e.g. Sachs 2009 Selin 2007 Karlsson 2006) and would probably be even harder to make in the US since the development in the EU, a key export market, has already taken place. With REACH-inspired amendments in TSCA, a more level transatlantic playing field could develop, which would, in turn, have an impact on international chemicals law and chemicals legislation in other countries as well (Sachs 2009 Fisher 2008 Park et al. 2008).42... 

From the European Union, eco-technology that includes innovative processes and products is expected to be one of the fastest growing market arenas in the 21 st century. The export market to developing countries for environmental technologies was reported to have grown by 10-17 percent between 1998 and 1999, with a lower growth rate for activity in developed markets. The sector was reported to have created more than 500 jobs between 1997 and 2002. 

Japan is the principle supplier of both polyurethane and raw material products throughout the region. They represent over 60% of the 1980 polyurethane demand of 990 million pounds listed in Table VI. Korea and Taiwan are developing significant polyurethane demand, much of it destined for export markets. Australia and New Zealand are steadily developing their domestic polyurethane markets. Finally, the other countries (with a few exceptions) are in the preliminary stages of using polyurethane products. 

In the early 1980 s, a program was instituted in New Zealand to replace hard pesticides with readily biodegradable natural products and biocontrol agents. These agents were to be developed to protect domestic and export markets, both timber and horticultural. A number of serious phytopathogens were addressed, one of which was... 

Among the motivations of Asian producers, the interest for export market, particularly the need of overcoming SPS non-tariff barriers is certainly playing a relevant role. However, the development of domestic markets is starting up, and interesting experiences have been made involving the development of short distribution ehains, community supported agriculture, and local development initiatives aimed at environment conservation and restoration. 

In some countries, recommended practices for minimizing residue and MRL concerns in exported foods have been developed for farmers and exporters. For example, it has been the practice of the Chilean Exporters Association jointly with the University of Chile to develop an information system for growers based on supervised trials to determine withholding periods (i.e., preharvest intervals) to meet the MRL standards recognized by the authorities in major export markets... 

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