Explosion-proof lighting

Stores should be specially designed, constructed of non-combustible material, and located away from other hazards (e.g. brick coal bunkers are suitable for small samples, but purpose-built constructions with explosion-proof lights etc. are required for larger quantities). They should be designated No Smoking areas and be well labelled. 

Ignition sources in the cupboard and duct system should be avoided. Plastic fans, electrical sockets external to the cupboard, and explosion-proof light fittings reduce the likelihood of ignitions. 

All portable lamps in Division 1 areas must be explosion-proof. Figures 17-19, 17-20, and 17-21 show typical explosion-proof lighting fixtures. 

EXPLOSION-PROOF LIGHTING FIXTURE INCANDESCENT AND MERCURY VAPOR (FOR EXTERNAL BALLAST)... 

Figure 3. Interior view of Mobile Surveillance Inspection Shop showing explosion proof electrical switches mounted on forward bulkhead, explosion proof light enclosures, office and grenade disposal barricade...

Explosion finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures on contact with air. keep dust from accumulating, sealed machinery, explosion-proof lighting, grounding. ... 

What is the requirement for explosion proof lighting in a spray booth ... 

Explosive-proof lighting/machinery in use where needed ... 

Loose, frayed, or temporary wiring that could serve as an ignition point for fire Non-explosion-proof lighting, fixtures, switches, etc. in areas where flanunable vapors or dusts could accumulate and ignite Fire extinguishers that are inoperable or cannot be reached because of materials blocking access... 

Lighting fixtures installed in Division 1 areas must be explosion-proof and marked to indicate the maximum wattage of allowable lamps. Alsn, they must be protected against physical damage by a suitable guard im liy location. 

Lighting fixtures for Division 2 locations must be cither explosion-proof or labeled as suitable for Division 2 for the particular Class and Group involved. Figure 17-22 shows typical Division 2 lighting fixtures... 

Figure 17-20. Typical explosion-proof fluorescent lighting fixtures. (Courtesy of Crouse-Hinds Electrical Construction Materials, a division of Cooper Industries, Inc.)...

Most of the chloro-fluoro-refrigerants are nonflammable and nontoxic. Ammonia does not require explosion-proof equipment, hut it will hum and is toxic and somewhat difficult to handle. The hydrocarhons propylene, ethylene, and propane are explosive and somewhat toxic and must receive proper attention to safety, as in the design of a light hydrocarbon plant. 

EXPLOSION Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air. Prevent deposition of dust closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). ... 

Hoods usually have a light built into a sealed opening, making it explosion-proof for use with flammables. Fans used for flam-mables must also be explosion-proof. Those used for corrosive fumes must be made of material resistant to such fumes. The ductwork must also be corrosion resistant, a matter often overlooked. Built-in exhaust fans make installation and servicing easy, but some tend to be noisy. Remotely installed fans are generally quieter and may serve more than one hood. The chief problem with fans is that they are often improperly serviced. Lubrication and belt tightness must be checked as specified by the manufacturer, or costly repairs will result. 

Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. 

In the first set of experiments, the water vessels had rusted bottoms. Of the 21 tests, 14 produced explosions, but no correlation of explosion probability could be deduced. It was reported that, in all tests, molten aluminum reached the bottom of the vessel. High-speed movies showed that the entire explosion sequence between the first visible disturbance in the system to a full-scale chemical reaction was very rapid (on the order of 600 /Ltsec). Note that the word chemical was used in the quote. Lemmon suggests that chemical reactions play a key role in the explosion phenomenon, particularly for violent incidents. The proof that chemical reactions are important stems from the finding that strong explosions produced light and, also, limited spectrographic data indicated local temperatures in excess of 3000 K. The emphasis on chemical reactions was not stressed in the work of other investigators. 

Explosion proof equipments, buildings and procedures must be enforced when flammable fluids are handled, especially for light hydrocarbons. Explosion atmosphere sensors have to be installed, and connected to high power fans and to fluid reservoirs stop valves. 

Light fixtures, electrical outlets, electrical switches, all electrical connections are explosion proof. 

Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/ lighting/.../equipment. 

Light fixtures should be washable and allow for easy maintenance. Frames are often sealed at the ceiling surface to prevent moisture intrusion and microbiologic growth. Lighting levels in the process areas should be specified in the design. Switches in the hallway or automatic switches facilitate cleaning operations and eliminate the need for expensive explosion-proof devices. 

Check electrical equipment regularly for sparks or arcing. These conditions can trigger spontaneous combustion of flammable gases or cause dust explosions. To prevent electrical equipment from contributing to fires (1) Conduct regular inspections of insulation resistance and monitor the quality of insulation layers. (2) Inspect and correct naked wires and metal contacts to prevent short circuit. (3) Install explosion-proof seals or isolated lighting fixtures, switches and protective devices. 

Explosive, flammable and toxic liquid. Should be stored and used in closed systems whenever possible. Work areas should be adequately ventilated, and should be free from open lights, flames, and equipment that is not explosion-proof. Handle in hood. May polymerize spontaneously, particularly in the absence of oxygen or on exposure to visible light. Polymerizes violently io the presence of concentrated alkali. On standing may slowly develop a yellow color particularly after excessive exposure to light, hp 77.3 bpsoo 64.7° bp2b, 45.5° bp--, 23,6° bp,<, 8.7°. mp -83.55°. d 0.8060 df 0.8004. ng 1.3888. Flash pt. open cup 32°F (0°C). Explosive mixtures in air at 25° 3.05% low... 

PERSONAL PROTECTION Wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, chemical-resistant gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls wear dust-proof safety goggles enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at site of chemical release use dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting for extra personal protection, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended. 

PERSONAL PROTECTION wear full protective clothing and chemical-resistant gloves wear chemical safety goggles wear self-contained breathing apparatus a closed system of local exhaust ventilation is recommended to control emissions at the source and to prevent dispersion into general work area use dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting for extra personal protection, use a P2 filter respirator for harmful particles maintain eyewash baths and safety showers in work area. 

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