Toxic liquid

The best way to deal with a hazard in a flowsheet is to remove it completely. The provision of safety systems to control the hazard is much less satisfactory. One of the principal approaches to making a process inherently safe is to limit the inventory of hazardous material, called intensification of hazardous material. The inventories we wish to avoid most of all are flashing flammable liquids or flashing toxic liquids. 

HCCI2CHCI2. Colourless toxic liquid with a chloroform-like odour, b.p. 146 C. Manufactured by passing chlorine and ethyne separately into a solution of SbClj in tetra-chloroethane. Reacts with dilute alkalis to give trichloroethene . 

Nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 was the first metal carbonyl to be discovered, by Mond in 1890 it is obtained by passage of carbon monoxide over nickel metal heated to 320 K. It is a volatile, toxic liquid (b.p. 315 K), and has a tetrahedral structure. It has considerable stability, but inflames in air it is believed that in the structure... 

Shipping name AN-64, Toxic Liquids, Flammable, Organic, N.O.S. (2-amino-2-methylpropanenitrile). AN-67, Toxic Liquids, Flammable, Organic, N.O.S. (2-amino-2-methylbutanenitrile). AN-52, Toxic Liquids, Flammable, Organic, N.O.S. (2-amino-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile). AN-88, Flammable Liquids, Toxic, N.O.S. (1-amino cyclohexane carbonittile). 

Health and Safety Factors. VDE is a flammable gas its combustion products are toxic. Liquid VDE on contact with the skin can cause frostbite. Acute inhalation toxicity of VDE is low median lethal concentrations (LC q) for rats were 128,000 ppm after a single 4-h exposure (52) and 800,000 ppm after a 30-min exposure (53). Cumulative toxicity is low exposure of rats and mice at levels of up to 50,000 ppm for 90 days did not cause any... 

Increase in temperature of a toxic liquid can create an excessive concentration of toxic vapour in air. This may occur as the result of an exothermic reaction. 

Yellowish, volatile, toxic liquid, oxidizes in air and explodes at 60°C Confirmed carcinogen... 

Vaporization and diffusion of flammable/toxic liquids or gases ... 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Chemical goggles or face shield Symptoms Following Exposure Low toxicity liquid may irritate eyes General Treatment for Exposure Flush all affected parts with plenty of water Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value) Data not available Short-Term Inhalation Limits Data not available Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 2 oral rat LDjo = 1.87 g/kg Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics Nonirritating Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Liquid may irritate eyes it is not irritating to skin Odor Threshold 0.49 ppm. 

Small cocks have often been knocked open or have vibrated open. They should never be used as the sole isolation valve (and preferably not at all) on lines carrying hazardous materials, particularly flammable or toxic liquids, at pressures above their atmospheric boiling points (for example, liquefied flammable gases or most heat transfer oils v./hen hot). These liquids turn to vapor and spray when they leak and can spread long distances. 

The tank trucks were not fitted with relief valves—normal European practice for toxic liquids. The study showed that the plant was designed for a higher pressure than the tank trucks and that in certain circumstances they could be overpressured. Modifications were made. 

Spraying, misting, or fogging of flammable, combustible, or toxic liquids... 

Vaporization and diffusion of flammable or toxic liquids or gases is a primary consideration with distillation, evaporation, extraction, and absorption operations. The basic principle of safety for tliese unit operations is contaimnent of the materials witliin the system. These operations should be conducted outdoors whenever possible. In tliis way, any accidental release of flammable or... 

Sulfur hexafluoride is a thermally stable, nontoxic gas that is a good insulator sulfur chlorides are toxic liquids. 

Drums containing flammable liquids are preferably stored outside, so that any flammable vapour can readily disperse. Similar considerations may apply to the dispersion of any vapour/fumes from drums of toxic liquids or solids. In some cases weather protection is provided by a roof. 

Citraconic anhydride is a toxic liquid that should be handled with extreme care in a fume hood. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or inhalation of vapors. 

Toxicity Toxic vapor release Toxic liquid or solid spill... 

A cover plate on a pump housing is held in place by eight bolts. A pipe fitter is instructed to repair the pump. The fitter removes all eight bolts only to find the cover plate stuck on the housing. A screwdriver is used to pry off the cover. The cover flies off suddenly, and toxic liquid sprays throughout the work area. Clearly the pump unit should have been isolated, drained, and cleaned before repair. There is, however, a better procedure for removing the cover plate. What is this procedure ... 

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