Physical damage

Buildings with storage only. Assets in these buildings are limited to physical items that have utility as a resource later. Because the value of the asset is determined by later use, the need for protection varies. The primary vulnerability is from contamination of the resource that renders the storage inoperable or delays its intended use. Most threat agents do not directly damage physical objects, so the primary concern of contamination in such facilities is the safety of humans who enter the facility. 

TUTNOV, A., 1998. "Calculated Research into Thermal Mechanics of Fuel Assemblies of WWER-1000 core ( Substantiation of the Safety of Generalized Core)" Workshop on PWR and WWER-1000 Fuel Assembly Bow. Rez / Prague 17-19 February 1998. AFANASYEV, A.A., "Comparison of WWER-1000 and PWR Core with Fuel Assembly Bow Operational Experience and Problems". Problems of a Atom Science and Engineering. Series Radiation Damaging Physics and Radiation materials science, issue 2 68 Kharkov 1998. 

As for dilution with a transparent matrix, the recommendations are the same as for the transmission method. There is no point in diluting a powder transparent in the spectral region under study, since this decreases surface sensitivity (spectra b and c of Fig. 2.47) (see also Ref. [155]). Furthermore, this operation can remove/damage physically adsorbed species (Fig. 2.52) and change coordination of chemisorbed species (Section 7.4.2). 

Damage Physical damage to a container of film adhesive can rupture its sealed wrapper, allowing moisture, dirt, etc., to reach and contantinate the adhesive. Damage can render a pail of liquid measure unusable in automatic measuring equipment. 

This chapter describes characteristics and typical procedures used in test reactor irradiation, ion irradiation and electron irradiation, and gives examples of data which provide knowledge of radiation embrittlement mechanisms. Advantages and limitations of each irradiation technique from the viewpoint of experimental practice and damage physics are summarized. 

Water porosity Total porosity, hydric properties Little sampling damage Physical decay, structural damage... 

Ultrasonic pulse Velocity Porosity, mineralogy, strength In situ non-damaging Physical decay... 

Equipment Cause of damage Physical parameter Effects Reference... 

Restoration of the damaged physical, social, economic, and environmental impacts of disasters is a complicated and drawn-out process. Reconstruction and recovery projects often focus on quick restoration of affected communities which can replicate and worsen existing vulnerabilities faced by the community. The Tsunami Evaluation Commission Synthesis Report in 2007 provided examples where escalated pressures and the need for fast rebuilding and recovery processes following a disaster can further increase the vulnerabihty of a community. Examples include nonadherence to design and construction policies for buildings and... 

Deteriora.tlon. Apart from physical damage that can result from carelessness, abuse, and vandaUsm, the main problem with metal objects Hes in thek vulnerabihty to corrosion (see Corrosion and corrosion control) (127,128). The degree of corrosion depends on the nature and age of the object. Corrosion can range from a light tarnish, which may be aesthetically disfiguring on a poHshed silver or brass artifact, to total mineralization, a condition not uncommon for archaeological material. 

Physical Safety. Preventive conservation also involves ensuring the physical safety of objects (176). Objects should be guarded against acts of vandaHsm or damage inflicted by touching them. In many museums, greasy spots on sculpture can be seen, a result of repeated contact with bare hands. 

The principal functions of food packaging are to protect the food contents from physical damage, losses, or deterioration, and to faciUtate distribution from processor to consumer. Food packaging also must attractively identify the product and must perform these functions at minimum system cost because the package itself has no intrinsic value to the consumer. In 1992, food packaging represented about 57% of the United States more than 70 biUion packaging industry. 

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