Estrogens males

The product was created with the intended use of treatment for various conditions resulting from menopause in women. Female athletes used the product to obtain the effects of testosterone while utilizing the somewhat protective qualities from virilization of estrogens. Males who are prone to prostate problems, hair loss, and serious acne use reported the product allowed them to reap the rapid mass gains of testosterone use while minimizing these effects. 

The risk factors for renal carcinoma include cigarette smoke, obesity, prolonged estrogens (male, Syrian hamsters), lead phosphate, aflatoxin Bl, and strepto-zotocin. Familial factors are seen with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant disease with retinal angiomas and hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system long-term dialysis patients develop acquired cysts in 30%-50% and 6% with acquired cysts will develop RCC (Richie et al. 2000). 

Testosterone promotes muscle growth deepening of the voice the growth of body hair and other male secondary sex characteristics Testosterone is formed from cholesterol and IS the biosynthetic precursor of estradiol the principal female sex hormone or estrogen Estradiol is a key substance m the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the reproductive process It is the hormone most responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics... 

Xenobiotic induced disruption of female fertility follows essentially the same pattern as that of the male and can be caused by changes in pituitary-hypothalamic function, primary disruption of ovarian structure or hormone secretion, or changes in the rate of hormone deactivation. In addition, there may be changes in the synthesis of estrogen induced production of the yolk protein by the liver (vitellogenesis), which in turn can lead to failure to lay down sufficient yolk in the developing oocytes. Vitellogenesis provides a valuable biomarker for endocrine dysfunction in both sexes,but is more properly considered as part of the liver function. 

Female sexual development and behaviour in mammals occurs by default and requires no ovarian secretion, and it is only in genetic males that the testis can secrete hormones which destroy this female pattern and superimpose that of the male. Sexual differentiation is not so well defined in fish, and larval exposure to both synthetic estrogens and androgens is widely used in aquaculture to produce monosex cultures. Endocrine disruption of sexual differentiation in fish may therefore reflect both the complexity and diversity of such processes between different species. Some care is required in use of the terms hermaphrodite and sex-reversal since a true hermaphrodite has both functional testes and ovaries and a sex-reversed fish is fully functional as its final sex—both produce the appropriate viable gametes. Such functional sex-reversal is not possible in mammals, but in some species of fish it is the normal developmental pattern. In most of the cases of hermaphroditism or sex-reversal reported in the non-scientific press, there is evidence only for a few ovarian follicles within a functional testis. This may be considered as feminisation or a form of intersex, and is very clearly endocrine disruption, but it is certainly neither sex-reversal nor hermaphroditism. In some cases the terms have even been used to infer induction of a single female characteristic such as production of yolk-protein by males. 

Many stilbenelike thiophene compounds have been prepared for a study of estrogenic activity, especially by Buu-Hoi et al. Thiophene derivatives of nonhydroxylated stilbene types showed no significant activitywhereas weak estrogenic activity was found in 5-acetyl-, 5-propionyl-, and 5-benzoyl-2-(-stilbenyl)thiophene. 1-Bromo-l,2-diphenyl-2-(5-bromo-2-thienyl)ethylene (258) was found to inhibit body growth and to produce extensive testicular atropy in male rats. A thiophene analog of estrogenic isoflavones (259)... 

In vivo studies in animals suggest that endosulfan may disrupt normal reproductive hormone levels in male animals, but that it is not an endocrine disrupter in females. Persistent depressed testicular testosterone was seen in male rats after intermediate duration oral exposures to endosulfan. In ovariectomized female rats, orally administered endosulfan did not induce normal development of female reproductive tissues, and in female mice and immature female rats, acute parenteral exposure to endosulfan did not affect several endocrine-related end points. In vitro studies have evaluated endosulfan for estrogen receptor (ER) and cytosolic protein binding affinity, ER-mediated reporter gene expression, estrogenic induction of cell proliferation, and alteration of relative abundance of active estradiol metabolites. Overall, in vitro evidence in favor of endosulfan estrogenicity indicates relatively weak potency compared to 17[3-estradiol. Apparently contradictory results were reported in different... 

The overall evidence indicates that endosulfan administered in vivo may be disruptive of reproductive hormone levels in male animals. On the other hand, endosulfan is neither estrogenic nor disruptive of thyroid or pituitary hormone levels in females in vivo, despite its weak estrogenicity in several in vitro test systems. 

Farabollini, R, Porrini, S., and Dessi-Fulgheri, F. (1999). Perinatal exposure to the estrogenic pollutant Bisphenol A affects behavior in male and female rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior 64, 687-694. 

Harries, J.E., Sheahan, D.A., and Jobling, S. (1997). Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenesis in caged male trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16, 534—542. 

Vermeirssen, E.L.M., Burki, R., and Joris, C. et al. (2005). Characterization of the estrogenic-ity of Swiss midland rivers using a recombinant yeast bioassay and plasma vitellogenin concentrations in feral male brown trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, 2226-2233. 

Significant amounts of estrogens are produced by the peripheral aromatization of androgens. In human males, the peripheral aromatization of testosterone to estradiol (Ej) accounts for 80% of the production of the latter. In females, adrenal androgens are important... 

The adult male prostate contains abundant acid phosphatase which it secretes into the semen. The production of this enzyme is governed by the circulating levels of androgenic hormones. Castration or estrogen administration markedly reduces the prostatic urinary acid phosphatase of males. Other organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen, red cells and platelets also contain significant amounts of acid phosphatase. 

ATANASSOVA N, MCKINNELL C, TURNER K J, WALKER M, FISHER J S, MORLEY M, MILLAR M R, GROOME N p, SHARPE R M (2000) Comparative effects of neonatal exposure of male rats to potent and weak (environmental) estrogens on spermatogenesis at puberty and the relationship to adult testis size and fertility evidence for stimulatory effects of low estrogen lew eh,. Endocrinology. 141 3898-907. 

In some animals, consumption of a phytoestrogen-rich diet can cause temporary infertility and reproductive system disorders (Irvine, 1999). In humans, lower testosterone levels and a decline in human semen quality over the past century have been luiked to increased exposure to environmental endocrine disrupters (EDCs) (Sharpe and Skakkebaek, 1993). Furthermore, cases of sexual impotence have been reported in males exposed to synthetic estrogens in the pharmaceutical industry (Mattison et al., 1990). If this might be the case, the fetal-prepubertal period and Sertoli cell development would be of critical importance (Sharpe and Skakkebaek, 1993). However, an adverse effect of phytoestrogens on male fertility has yet to be proven. Recent work (Mitchell et al., 2001) addressing this point led to the conclusion that up to 40 mg/day of isoflavones over a two-month period had no effects on gonadotrophin and... 

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