Escherichia coli infection treatment

Smith HW, Huggins MB (1982) Successful treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infections in mice using phage its general superiority over antibiotics. J Gen Microbiol 128 307-318... 

Mushtaq N, Redpath MB, Luzio JP, Taylor PW (2005) Treatment of experimental Escherichia coli infection with recombinant bacteriophage-derived capsnle depolymerase. J Antimicrob Chemother 56 160-165... 

Shu, Q., Qu, E., Gill, H.S., and Access, F. (2001). Rrobiotic treatment using Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 reduces weanhng diarrhea associated with rotavirus and Escherichia coli infection in a piglet model. J Ped Gastroenterol NutrSS, 171-177. 

The sulfonamides are often used to control urinary tract infections caused by certain bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella-Enterobacter. Mafenide (Sulfamylon) and silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) are topical sulfonamides used in the treatment of second- and third-degree bums. Additional uses of the sulfonamides are given in the Summary Drug Table The Sulfonamides. 

K. Nishikawa, K. Matsuoka, E. Kita, N. Okabe, M. Mizugushi, K. Hino, S. Miyazawa, C. Yamasaki, J. Aoki, S. Takashima, Y. Yamakawa, M. Nishijima, et al., A therapeutic agent with oriented carbohydrates for treatment of infections by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli 0157 H7, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 99 (2002) 7669-7674. 

Urinary tract infections Nalidixic acid is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible gram-negative microorganisms, including the majority of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella species, and Proteus species. Perform disc susceptibility testing with the 30 meg disc prior to administration of the drug and during treatment if clinical response warrants. 

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) For the treatment of UTIs when caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species. 

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

A 49-year-old woman is treated for an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI). During treatment, the woman experiences hemolysis. 

Nitrofurantoin is bacteriostatic and bactericidal for many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but P aeruginosa and many strains of proteus are resistant. There is no cross-resistance between nitrofurantoin and other antimicrobial agents and resistance emerges slowly. As Escherichia coli resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones has become more common, nitrofurantoin has become an important alternative oral agent for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. 

Nitrofurans (NFs) are synthetic chemotherapeutic agents effective in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by Escherichia Coli and Salmonella spp. Administered orally, usually as feed additives, they are widely used in treating cows, cattle, pigs, and poultry. 

J5 Study Group. (1992). Treatment of severe infectious purpura in children with human plasma from donors immunized with Escherichia coli]b A prospective double-blind study./ Infect. Dis. 165, 695-701. 

Calandra, T., Glauser, M.P., Schellekens, J., Verhoef, J. Treatment of gram-negative septic shock with human IgG antibody to Escherichia coli J5 A prospective, double-blind, randomized trial. J Infect Dis 158 (1988) 312-319. 

Cranberries have been used traditionally for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. Their effectiveness was demonstrated by a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Avom et ah, 1994). Escherichia coli are the principal bacterial species responsible for urinary tract infection. The consumption of cranberry juice reduced the adherence of E. coli to the uroepithelial bladder cells in healthy human volunteers (Di Martino et ah, 2006). A-type procyanidin dimers and trimers that were isolated from cranberries were found to inhibit the adherence of uropathogenic E. Coli, whereas (—)-epicatechin and a B-type dimer were not effective (Foo et ah, 2000). 

Kanamycin can be used for short-term treatment of severe infections caused by susceptible strains (for example Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Mima-Elerellea) that are resistant to other less ototoxic aminoglycosides. It is not indicated for long-term therapy, for example in tuberculosis. 

Treatment with co-trimoxazole (or other antibiotics) can increase the risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children with gastrointestinal infections caused by Escherichia coli 0157 H7 compared with children with no antibiotic treatment (122). 

Wong CS, Jelacic S, Habeeb RL, Watkins SL, Tarr PI. The risk of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections. N Engl J Med 2000 342(26) 1930-6. 

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