Equipment evaluation systems

Properties of Solid Wastes Information on the properties of solid wastes is important in evaluating alternative equipment needs, systems, and management programs and plans. 

Now let us consider utility failure as a cause of overpressure. Failure of the utility supphes (e.g., electric power, cooling water, steam, instrument air or instrument power, or fuel) to refinery plant facihties wiU in many instances result in emergency conditions with potential for overpressuring equipment. Although utility supply systems are designed for reliability by the appropriate selection of multiple generation and distribution systems, spare equipment, backup systems, etc., the possibility of failure still remains. Possible failure mechanisms of each utility must, therefore, be examined and evaluated to determine the associated requirements for overpressure protection. The basic rules for these considerations are as follows ... 

The complete LDA system includes the appropriate transmission and detection optoelectronics, traverse mechanisms, computer-controlled signal processing, and a data acquisition and evaluation system. The LDA equipment is a powerful tool for the measurement of flow velocity and velocity fluctuation, as well as the local concentration of particles or droplets transported in the airflow. 

Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Evaluation (FMECA) is a systematic qualitative metliod by which equipment and system failures and tlie resulting effects of these failures are detennined. FMECA studies possible events, but not tlie reasons for tlieir occurrences. 

As with the rest of ASPEN, the cost estimation and economic evaluation system will be modular in design there will be one program module for each equipment class, and it will be easy for users to add their own costing modules. 

Most of the above methods of column chromatography have been, or can be, automated. Devices are available for the automated application of samples to columns which are useful for analytical evaluation of samples, or for repeated analysis or separations to obtain larger amounts of material. The specific fractions of the effluent can be collected. Equipment for these purposes can be obtained from several of the supplier listed at the end of the HPLC section above with the corresponding websites. GC systems coupled with mass spectrometers (GC-MS) and HPLC systems coupled to mass spectrometers (LC-MS) are extremely important methods for the separation and identification of substances. These are invariably linked to a computer with internal libraries which can identify the peaks, and the libraries can be continually updated (see above). With more elaborate equipment LC-MS-MS where the peaks from the first spectrometer are further analysed by a second mass spectrometer provide a wealth of information. If not for the costs involved in GC-MS, GC-MS-MS, LC-MS and LC-MS-MS equipment, these systems would be more commonly found in analytical and research laboratories. [For further reading see Bibliography.]... 

For example, there are numerous military and defense-related systems, including administrative systems which assist in formulation of acquisition strategies and the development of relevant documents, battle strategy systems, and hardware maintenance advisors. Other successful administrative applications include a system used by the IRS for selection of audit candidate tax returns, and a credit evaluation system used by American Express. Successful systems in engineering areas include the XCON system which assists in configuration design of DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) computer... 

The purpose of this publication is to help you understand the distillation of ethyl alcohol. It first presents the basic principles involved in distillation and how the process works. The types of distillation equipment and systems that might be involved in a small fuel alcohol plant are then discussed, as are the performance and control criteria needed for a general evaluation of each. The publication concludes with a discussion of safety, along with some general selection, operation and management criteria useful in evaluating alternatives. 

You find yourself for the first time in front of your HPLC equipment, consisting at least of an eluent delivery system (= pump), an injector, a column, a detector and a data evaluation system. If you see several separate devices, you have a modular equipment. If you are in front of a large box, you will work with a compact unit. 

The parameter cr is an empirical shadowing parameter containing both the blocking effect due to the shadow cone and the neutralization effects. The other terms in Eq. (26) are identical to those of Eq. (25). There is ample experimental evidence for this linear behavior for many adsorbate systems, for thin-lilm systems, for example, metal on metal, metal on semiconductors, etc. [1, 2, 8, 24, 37]. Results of this kind can be obtained with very simple equipment, evaluation needs no computer codes, and calibration is possible by using clean surfaces of the species involved. Furthermore, the information as to whether a species is adsorbed on top, or is incorporated into the top layer, or difftises into the bulk, can be obtained by LEIS for both single crystal and polycrystalline samples. Con-... 

ABSTRACT With Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this paper sorts hierarchically various index on the impact of tender invitation and evaluation for mine safety equipments and forms an orderly hierarchical structure. By means of calculation, its weight is determined. Then a objective and scientific evaluation system of bid scheme is established with the combination of quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation, which reduces the influence of subjective elements and reflects an open, fair and just principle of competition. 

Evaluation of indicators requires the collection, storage, and analysis of data from which the indicators can be derived. A standard set of data elements must be defined. Fortunately, one only has to look at commercially available equipment management systems to determine the most common data elements used. Indeed, most of the high-end software systems have more data elements than many clinical engineering departments are willing to collect. These standard data elements must be carefully defined and understood. This is especially important if the data will later be used for comparisons with other organizations. Different departments often have different definitions for the same data element. It is crucial... 

The evaluation of new video endoscopic equipment is also difficult because of the lack of objective standards for performance. Purchasers of equipment are forced to make an essentially subjective decision about image quality. By employing virtual instrumentation, a collaborative team of biomedical engineers, software engineers, physicians, nurses, and technicians at Hartford Hospital (Hartford, CT) and Premise Development Corporation (Avon, CT) have developed an instrument, the EndoTester , with integrated software to quantify the optical properties of both rigid and flexible fiberoptic endoscopes. This easy-to-use optical evaluation system allows objective measurement of endoscopic performance prior to equipment purchase and in routine clinical use as part of a program of prospective maintenance. 

The EndoTester has many applications. In general, the most useful application is the ability to objectively measure an endoscope s performance prior to purchase, and in routine clinical use as part of a program of prospective maintenance. Measuring parameters of scope performance can facilitate equipment purchase. Vendor claims of instrument capabilities can be validated as a part of the negotiation process. Commercially available evaluation systems (for original equipment manufacturers) can cost upward of 50,000, yet by employing the benefits of virtual instrumentation and a standard PC,... 

High risk Equipment that scores between and including 18-25 points on the criteria s evaluation system. This equipment is assigned the highest risk for testing, calibration, and repair. 

Medium risk Equipment that scores between and including 15-17 points on the criteria s evaluation system. 

Modeling. In order to carry out the analysis of the nature of the operational phenomena in facilities and equipment, it is very useful to use statistics as a support for the quantification of the parameters. The phenomena s historical behavior is characterized based on operation and failure periods that have occurred since the commissioning time. The conditions that characterize the equipment operational time data are so numerous that it is not possible to say when exactly the next failure will occur. However, it is possible to express which will be the probability that the equipment is in operation or out of service at any given time. These times are associated with a cumulative distribution function of the random variable, which is defined as the addition of the probabilities of possible values of the variable that are lower or equal to a preset value. The mentioned random variable is constituted by the operating times and downtime of equipment or system in a given period. For its parameterization Weibull distribution is very appropriate as it is very effective and relatively simple to use in the reliability evaluation of a system by quantifying the probability of failure in the performance of the system s duties from the failure probabilities of its components based on the operation times. There are three different parameters ... 

Liaison with manufacturers and clinical staff for equipment and systems decision making Testing critical room layouts with real templates for equipment (plans, elevations, ceiling plans) Mockup room design and evaluation... 

Economics. Except where safety is concerned, economics is a primary consideration when evaluating auxiliary equipment and systems. Calculations of equipment capital and operating costs versus expected savings must be carefully evaluated to assure that they meet both operational needs and management s investment criteria. 

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