Environmentalists

The next step in the procedure is to form a committee comprised of people with expertise specific to the process and chemistry involved. The committee could also include an industrial hygienist, an environmentalist, the process operators, a consultant, and others. The committee should not contain more than a dozen individuals. 

A knowledge of the molecular composition of a petroleum also allows environmentalists to consider the biological impact of environmental exposure. Increasingly, petroleum is being produced in and transported from remote areas of the world to refineries located closer to markets. Although only a minuscule fraction of that oil is released into the environment, the sheer volume involved has the potential for environmental damage. Molecular composition can not only identify the sources of contamination but also aids in understanding the fate and effects of the potentially hazardous components (7). 

The success of the O2 sensor has made the auto manufacturers, regulators, and environmentalists anxious to extend chemical sensing to a variety of tailpipe gases, notably CO, NO, and short-chain hydrocarbons. Considerable research and development is needed for these molecules to be monitored in the hostile exhaust system environment (36). 

Parameter" Environmentalists recommendations New York State regulations Actual test results from Hempstead... 

Air pollution and environmental officers, environmental protection associates, environmental quality managers and environmentalists, and specialists (air pollution, air pollution control, air quality, air quality control, air resource, envaronmental control, environmental health, environmental management, environmental quality, highway transportation, monitoring, pollution control, program, public participation, quality assurance, and unspecified). 

Some environmentalists anticipated a major accident like that of the Exxon Valdez. When plaiiiiing for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline took place during the energy crisis of the early 1970s, it was controversial because of the conflicts of balancing the needs of oil... 

Some environmentalists have also touted natural gas as a way station on the road to a hydrogen fuel (carbon dioxide-free) economy. As seen in Table 1, per unit of energy released, natural gas generates about 23 percent less carbon dioxide than gasoline and about 30 percent less than heavy fuel oil. This is helpful in reducing greenhouse emissions, but the other excellent properties of natural gas are even... 

Energy subsidies are widely attacked from many different viewpoints about public policy. Thus, among economists, both severe critics of the oil companies, such as Blair, and those such as Adelman and McAvoy who stress defective government policy criticize the subsidies. Environmentalists and other supporters of active government often feel that too many programs aid the unworthy. 

The operation of a base exchanger is chemically inefficient, and the spent regenerant contains large amounts of excess salt which may occasionally be difficult to dispose of. Factory softeners make a major contribution to the chloride content of the UK s industrial rivers, and in the longer term there will be heavy pressure from environmentalists to reduce the amount of salt being discharged. 

The pigment is the principal agent in the electrochemical control of corrosion by primers (see Section 14.3). Probably the best known anticorrosive pigment is red lead. When used in conjunction with linseed oil as the binder it gives very good primers which will perform well over relatively poorly prepared (manually abraded) steel surfaces. Present-day use of red lead (and lead pigments, generally) in paints has been drastically curtailed as a result of understandable pressure from the environmentalists. 

Identity. There is considerable variation in the use of terms like, "environmentalist," "environmental sdence program," "environmental studies program," etc., such that no particular background is guaranteed by the use of these terms. 

Benson NU, Etesin UM (2008) Metal contamination of surface water, sediment and Tympa-notonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River and environmental impact due to Utapete gas flare station, Nigeria. Environmentalist 28 195... 

This article reports on a full-scale study of the incineration of plasties with ordinary municipal waste, conducted in Germany by APME. The results, which indicate that burning waste plastics does less damage to the environment than other waste disposal methods, are commented upon by the plastics industry, and environmentalists. 

Brief details are given of two proposed resolutions on the subject of pyrolysis of waste plastic. The first states that pyrolysis and other methods of chemically reprocessing post-consumer plastics is a suitable way of diverting waste from landfills. The second resolution, supported by environmentalists, states that pyrolysis only recovers plastic s energy value, and should not be viewed as recycling. 

B. Lomberg, The Sceptical Environmentalist - Measuring the Real State of the World , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001. 

The resurgence of malaria since the 1970s pitted environmentalists against international health officials over the continued use of DDT in poor countries. Each year, malaria infects and enervates half a billion people, roughly 10 percent of Earth s population. It kills up to 2.7 million people annually, mostly small African children and pregnant women. DDT is still used for spraying inside houses in more than two dozen poor countries, including China, India, and Mexico, where approximately 40 percent of the world s population lives. 

The public was outraged. It did not matter whether the pollution came from a chemical factory, power utilities, mines, petroleum, automobiles, or semiconductors the chemical industry s reputation was in free-fall. In 1990, the U.S. Congress established the Super Fund, requiring industry to pay for cleaning up hazardous waste. Major chemical manufacturers banded together in a voluntary effort to reduce factory emissions to almost zero and to police themselves. At the opposite extreme, some environmentalists called for the elimination of all toxic substances. 

Sagoff M (1998) Can environmentalists be liberals In Elliot R (ed) Environmental ethics. Introduction and Selection Oxford University Press 1995... 

Successful development of fibre optic chemical sensors requires the cooperation of many specialists in various fields of science. Scientists in analytical chemistry, polymer science, material science, optoelectronics and electronics etc. can be involved in this multidisciplinary task. Depending on the application of the sensor biologists, medical doctors or environmentalists can also be incorporated to the working group. Although, the contribution of all specialists cannot be classified by the importance, analytical chemistry and material science seem to be the key to the success. 

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