Environmental pollution nuclear wastes

Nuclear-physical methods ai e the basic ones in controlling environmental pollution which results from nucleai -power complexes and power plants work. Oil and gas production leads to the extraction of radio nuclides of natural origin in considerable amounts, which later spread from oil-slimes and water wastes in the neighborhoods of oil and gas producing entei prises. Similaidy, toxic and radioactive elements can pollute environment in case of mineral deposits extraction. 

See also Acid Rain Air Pollution Atmosphere Carson, Rachel Climatic Effects Disasters Environmental Economics Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Gasoline Engines Government and the Energy Marketplace Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Waste. 

Radionuclides constitute a special kind of environmental pollution. Their artificial production rate has increased exponentially since the development of the first nuclear reactor. They have brought us blessings in the form of power, of new research tools, and of new knowledge they have brought us problems in the form of the release of hazardous radionuclides and of the management of large quantities of radioactive waste. 

The Daimlar Benz [2] has made the hydrogen bus named NEBUS whose output power is 250 kW. The PEMC costs about US 250 per W, which the same level as that of nuclear plants. We may expect a rapid spread of PEMFC, which is applied not only to the vehicles but also to the on-site generating systems including the domestic uses, in the near future. However, a special notice is stressed about the strong environmental pollution which may be caused by the wasted matters of used PEM, of which pH-value is very small (high acidity). 

He is the author of four previous books Nuclear Waste Cleanup Technology and Opportunities Handbook of Pollution Control Processes Handbook of Leak, Spill and Accidental Release Prevention Techniques Pollution Prevention Technology Handbook and Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering. 

The small amounts of paint generated by the average household cannot be recycled economically, but most municipalities sponsor paint exchange programs and collect oil-based paints. Spent fuel rods from nuclear power plants can be recycled to reclaim unused uranium, and some spent uranium is used to produce armor-piercing bullets. Yard waste from households is often recycled and made into mulch for farming and gardening. Discarded Christmas trees are used to form mulch or are immersed in lakes as a habitat for fish. SEE ALSO Environmental Pollution Water Water Pollution Water Quality. 

One of the basic problems of the nuclear power industry is avoidance of environmental pollution, which is directly related to the necessity of reliable burial of radioactive waste. One type of waste comprises ion-exchange resins used to purify process waters and render them free of radioactive cations. The problem of disposal of used radioactive ion-exchange resins is rather difficult and we have suggested using Silor composition for this purpose. This composition envelops the swollen... 

Environmental. The growth in the population of the world has been accompanied by increases in consumption and the production of waste. Environmental engineering is concerned with the reduction of existing pollution in the air, in the water, and on land, and the prevention of future harm to the environment. Issues addressed include pollution from manufecturing and other sources, the transportation of clean water, and the disposal of nonbiodegradable materials and hazardous and nuclear waste. Because pollution of the air, land, and water crosses national borders, environmental engineers need a broad, global perspective. 

In recent years considerable emphasis has been placed on energy conservation and environmental pollution control. As discussed earlier, the former problem is likely to be solved, at least in part, by the introduction or wider use of more efficient fuels such as biomass or nuclear fuel, coupled with more controlled application of what is at present waste heat from chemical reactions. This is now more than ever possible because of the improved and improving design of heat pumps, boilers, heat exchangers, etc., the use of which is more nearly optimized by computer control. Emissions of gaseous pollutants have been decreasing in recent years by improved methods of condensation, adsorption. 

Several types of nature-humans interactions with respect to materials and energy include resources, waste and global environmental problems (Fig. 6.1). In this Chapter we focus on the global environmental and waste problems such as acid rain, CO2 emission, underground CO2 sequestration, geological disposal of high level nuclear waste, and water and soil pollutions. 

Brookins DG, Abashian MS, Cohen LH, Wollenberg HA (1982) In Topp SV (ed) Scientific basis for nuclear waste management, vol V. North-Holland Press, Amsterdam Bunce NJ (1991) Environmental chemistry, 2nd edn. Wuerz Publishing Ltd., Winnipeg, Canada Fujinawa K (1991) Polluted ground water. Kyoritsu Press (in Japanese)... 

Risk associated with nuclear waste environmental damage (e.g. contamination of soil, pollution of water bodies) and health effects of radiation (e.g. cancer). 

Energy consumption and Ae environment have been closely linked in the past and are likely to be even more closely associated in the future. Environmental concerns range over the entire energy system from problems associated with mining and extraction to those associated with transformation and consumption. The problems of acid rain, land reclamation, water pollution, and nuclear waste disposal have become all too familiar. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a less familiar, but no less ominous problem looming on the long-term horizon. 

Humic and FULVIC acids, along with other organic colloidal materials, are fascinating substances that can have profound environmental consequences. Their abilities to complex radionuclides and toxic metals have been recognized for some time by researchers interested in the migration and mobilization of nuclear and industrial waste at contaminated sites. The micellar properties of humic and fulvic acids also give them the ability to play important roles in the solubilization and transport of hydrophobic pollutants. 

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