Environmental impact surveys

Was an environmental Impact survey carried out for the project at the planning stage ... 

Exploration activities are potentially damaging to the environment. The cutting down of trees in preparation for an onshore seismic survey may result in severe soil erosion in years to come. Offshore, fragile ecological systems such as reefs can be permanently damaged by spills of crude or mud chemicals. Responsible companies will therefore carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) prior to activity planning and draw up contingency plans should an accident occur. In Section 4.0 a more detailed description of health, safety and environmental considerations will be provided. 

Site Selection Factors that must be considered in evaluating potential solid-waste-disposal sites are summarized in Table 25-71. Final selection of a disposal site usually is based on the results of a preliminary site survey, results of engineering design and cost studies, and an environmental-impact assessment. 

Brunner, N. St Starkl, M. (2004) Decision Aid Systems for Evaluating Sustainabihty A Critical Survey. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24, 441 69. 

The use of recombinant bST does not reduce GHG emissions but increases milk production so that the calculated emissions/unit of milk produced is reduced (Baumann, 1992). Capper et ah (2008) evaluated the environmental impact of using bST in a conventional dairying system and reported reductions in CH4 emissions of 8.3%. 15.2% of the total of small (<100 cows), medium (100 < cows < 500), and large farm operations (cows > 500) surveyed in the United States used bST on 17.2% of the cows (USDA, 2007). The use of bST increased with the size of the operation, with 9.1% of small farms using bST and 42.7% of large farms reporting use of bST. 

Servos, M.R., S.Y. Huestis, D.M. Whittle, GJ. Van der Kraak, and K.R. Munkittrick. 1994. Survey of receiving-water environmental impacts associated with discharges from pulp mills. 3. Polychlorinated dioxins and furans in muscle and liver of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13 1103-1115. 

Feb Competition and Business Strategy Product Design (1) Indoor air survey (2) Prototype Chemical Design and Processing (1) Adsorbents (2) Catalysts. Process Safety Analysis Process Control and Instrumentation Environmental Impact Assessemsnt Report Writing... 

Ouimette, J.R., "Survey and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Naval Weapon Center Activities " TM 2426, U.S. Naval Center. Available from National Technical Information Service, 1974. 

Roy, W. R., Thiery, R. G., Schuller, R. M. Suloway, J. J. 1981. Coal Fly Ash A Review of the Literature and Proposed Classification System with Emphasis on Environmental Impacts, Environmental Geology Note No.96. Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign. IL. 

Rye, H., Nordtug, T., Tobiesen, A. and Osteorot, A. (1997) Drilling and well chemicals and their environmental impacts. A survey of amounts, ecotoxicological properties, dispersion and impacts in the marine environment. In Chemistry in the Oil Industry, 6th International Symposium, Ambleside, the Lake District, UK, 14—17 April 1997. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, p. 21. 

Roy WR, Thiery RG, Schuller RM, et al. 1981. Coal fly ash A review of the literature and proposed classification system with emphasis on environmental impacts. Champaign, IL Illinois State Geological Survey, 1-69. 

Irace-Guigand, S., JJ. Aaron, P. Scribe, et al. 2004. A comparison of the environmental impact of pesticide multiresidues and their occurrence in river waters surveyed by liquid chromatography coupled in tandem with UV diode array detection and mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 55 973-981. 

Surveys of Environmental Impacts. Field survey methods focus on assessing changes in the condition of entire populations and ecological community functions (e.g., pest species proliferation, species diversity, litter decomposition rate, changes in the rate of primary production). These methods under certain circumstances may relate effects to specific pollutant sources, but most frequently they are used to indicate that a problem does exist. A current application of survey methods being developed emphasizes identification of indigenous species to serve as surrogates for a portion of the ecosystem. 

Societal weighting factors (Fig. 6.5) account for the importance society attaches to the different forms of ecological impact. They are based on public opinion surveys. The relevance factors are based on actual data and indicate the relative importance of individual environmental impacts (e.g., emissions to air) for a particular eco-efficiency analysis. For each specific impact variable, first the impact due to the investigated product or process is divided by the total environmental impact of this variable in the country in question. These numbers are generally very small but the relation between them yields the necessary weighting and thus, the relevance... 

Unfortunately, many of the compounds dropped from these lists come from chemical classes that are known to contain examples that are of concern to human health (Figure 1). Some, for example, show evidence of carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity in humans and/or experimental animals (as categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC]) others show a large potential environmental impact and have been slated for inclusion on the EPA s ground water contamination survey (5). 

The significance of any environmental impact of petroleum production is affected by the stage of the producing process. Land exploration by aerial surveying, or by the use of aerial or surface-based geophysical techniques such... 

An early activity on the project was the selection of a site out of the forty-three sites previously surveyed and deemed suitable. A composite team of Mobil and Bechtel personnel supported by New Zealand consultants narrowed the selection first to three sites, then to one by August 1980. The criteria for site selection were many and varied. The most significant were proximity to the natural gas pipeline, to a reliable source of water, to a centre of population which would provide the necessary infrastructure in support of plant operation, and to the Port of Taranaki for shipping the gasoline product and for reasonable transportation access for preassemblies. A clear and level site to minimize civil works was needed as well as a location that would not have an overwhelmingly negative environmental impact on the area. 

Once the site had been selected, the work on the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) began. Preliminary engineering studies and surveys continued until December 1980 when the EIR was submitted. The EIR addressed the issues of overall impact of the plant on the surrounding area with specific reference to the preservation of Maori historic sites which were located adjacent to the site. The EIR was filed under the National Development Act on a fast track schedule. The EIR Tribunal hearings took place in New Plymouth in the third quarter of 1981,and the permit to construct was given in March 1982. 

Lastly, as often found in other surveys, the financial sector is the least engaged in environmental issues. This is partly explained as a timing issue and the sector s reluctance to acknowledge that, apart from lending considerations, it does have environmental impacts, which need to be managed. 

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