Preliminary engineering

Note that a somewhat more accurate result may be obtained by following the detailed loss coefficients given in Figures 2-12 through 2-16. However, most preliminary engineering design calculations for this type of water system do not warrant the extra detail. 

Process flow Rough sketches Preliminary Engineered ... 

E. Bilgen, Solar hydrogen production by direct water decomposition process a preliminary engineering assessment, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 9 53-48 (1984). 

Commercial plants Preliminary engineering and licensing is under evaluation at several MTBE producers worldwide. 

Business Planning Project Development Preliminary Engineering Contractor Selection EPC Startup Operation... 

As viewed in Figure 3.1, the front end loading has three phases business planning, preliminary engineering, and project planning. 

The preliminary engineering phase is where the options are designed and costed. Financial analysis is conducted and the options are recycled to business planning in an iterative fashion. 

Since the preliminary engineering phase is principally process engineering, the Technical Manager is the lead during this phase. 

Preliminary Engineering (Chapter 6). This includes process engineering through P ID s, preliminary layouts, control strategy, mechanical/ electrical specifications, and one-line diagrams. 

Figure 2. Event diagram of conceptual and preliminary engineering.

The present work at Rocky Flats is an extension of the Argonne work and is directed to development of a proliferation resistant pyrochemical process for LMFBR fuels. This article describes a conceptual pyrochemical process and preliminary engineering concepts for coprocessing uranium and plutonium in spent LMFBR core-axial blanket and radial blanket fuels using the Salt Transport Process. 

The value of a particular crude to a refiner depends on its quality and whether he can economically obtain a satisfactory product pattern that matches market demand (market pull). In the main, the refiner is not concerned with the actual chemical nature of the material but in methods of analysis that would provide information sufficient to assess the potential quality of the oil, to supply preliminary engineering data, and also to indicate whether any difficulties might arise in handling, refining, or transporting petroleum or its products. Such information may be obtained in one of two ways ... 

Pressing one s thumb in an object is a simple way to gauze the object s hardness. Its scientific analogue is the measurement of hardness by indentation. In practice, the point of a weighted needle is allowed to rest on the polymer surface as the temperature is raised. The movement of the needle as it penetrates the surface can be monitored by means of an amplification gauge. Though less accurate than other more sophisticated methods, it is useful for the preliminary engineering-oriented examination of systems. 

Preliminary engineering studies revealed that a substantial capital saving would be made if the reactor stream could emerge at a pressure in vicinity of about 0.5 MPa. However, at pressures above 0.15 MPa the model showed that a substantial loss in acetylene selectivity occurred, which is not unexpected in view of the extensive literature on the subject of acetylene formation. Other results to emerge were ... 

Preliminary engineering was started in May 1980 with the award of the project services contract to Bechtel, Inc. of San Francisco, California. Shortly afterwards, two more contractors were selected Davy-McKee of Lakeland, Florida,for the design of the two methanol plants and Foster-Wheeler of Livingston, New Jersey,for conceptual and basic design of the MTG plant. 

Once the site had been selected, the work on the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) began. Preliminary engineering studies and surveys continued until December 1980 when the EIR was submitted. The EIR addressed the issues of overall impact of the plant on the surrounding area with specific reference to the preservation of Maori historic sites which were located adjacent to the site. The EIR was filed under the National Development Act on a fast track schedule. The EIR Tribunal hearings took place in New Plymouth in the third quarter of 1981,and the permit to construct was given in March 1982. 

The second phase is normally called preliminary engineering and its objective is normally two fold sufficient engineering to achieve overall definition of scope for the project and establish a firm budget for completion of the project. The estimate prepared at this point is normally called the authorization estimate. With this information, the decision is made on whether the project is to be completed. To get to this point usually takes between 15 and 3 0% of the total design cost. Some will call this the definition phase of the project. 

An order-of-magnitude estimate is made using generalized assumptions about the project to estimate its costs. The purpose of an order-of-magnitude estimate is to decide whether the cost of preliminary engineering is justified and, with business plan information, whether the project is profitable enough to continue (Fig. 10). Sometimes this combined effort is called a feasibility study. 

The approval estimate is the most important to the reputations of the managing engineers for the project. A successful project is completed on time, in budget, and gains a reputation for smooth and efficient operation shortly after dedication. This is not likely to happen by accident. The decisions on what is necessary for the smooth and efficient operation are made during preliminary engineering and funded by approval of this estimate. 

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