Properties ecotoxicological

Table 1 indicates the significant physical properties of thiophene and 2- and 3-methylthiophene Table 2, the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties. 

Table 2. Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Properties of Thiophene and Methylthiophenes ...

Table 3. Physical, Toxicological, and Ecotoxicological Properties of 2-Bromothiophene, 3-Bromothiophene, and 2-Bronio-3-Methylthiophene...

Companies will be required to provide information on the identity and properties of a compound (including physical, chemical, toxicological, and ecotoxicological properties), the intended uses, the estimated human and environmental exposure, risks for humans and the environment, and proposals for risk management measures. Information requirements will depend largely on production volumes, but might be adjusted based on the intrinsic properties and conditions of use of individual substances. 

Rye, H., Nordtug, T., Tobiesen, A. and Osteorot, A. (1997) Drilling and well chemicals and their environmental impacts. A survey of amounts, ecotoxicological properties, dispersion and impacts in the marine environment. In Chemistry in the Oil Industry, 6th International Symposium, Ambleside, the Lake District, UK, 14—17 April 1997. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, p. 21. 

Undoubtedly the most important features of what determines whether a drug is detected in the environment are its physical and ecotoxicological properties, and these will be discussed in the following sections. 

A4.3.12.2 Some ecotoxicological properties are substance specific, i.e. bioaccumulation, persistence and degradability. The information should therefore be given, where available and appropriate, for each substance of the mixture. 

Assessment of the risk related to the presence of dangerous chemicals in the environment is both important and difficult. However, accurate assessment of the impact of a chemical is a complex task, for there are many factors involved, and chemical substances are in many cases estimated with a large uncertainty. Further, for most of the currently used industrial chemicals there is no knowledge of their environmental and ecotoxicological properties, and even worse, some chemicals are not commercialized but are present in the environment nevertheless as degradation products or impurities of industrial substances. The more widely studied chemicals are well-known contaminants such as dioxin, and pesticides. Pesticides have been addressed within specific regulations (e.g., European Directive 91/414), so this makes them a good example on how to address the problem with defined protocols. 

Often for a large series of chemicals no suitable environmental and ecotoxicological properties are available. 

The EC funded HAIR project (http //www.rivm.nl/stoffen-risico/NL/hair.htm) is devoted to integrating the different methods for the assessment of pesticides into a combined index. The intention is to go beyond the environmental and ecotoxicological properties of pesticides and to address the human toxicity aspects as well. The ultimate target is to produce an index useful to regulators changed with evaluating the EU policy on pesticides and to reduce the overall impact of the pesticides. This project also considers other chemicals besides pesticides. As in many other examples, the lessons learned from pesticides... 

Inspections for compliance with GLP Principles may take place in any test facility generating health or environmental safety data for regulatory purposes. Inspectors may be required to audit data relating to the physical, chemical, toxicological or ecotoxicological properties of a substance or preparation. In some cases. Inspectors may need assistance from experts in particular disciplines. 

What does this mean for lubricants As discussed in detail below, a large portion of the lubricants sold are Tost during use. This, under the terms of the new regulation, means that it is a foreseeable use that lubricants that are sold will enter the environment. Consequently, the manufacturers of chemicals that are used in lubricants will have to provide information on the ecotoxicological properties of their chemicals. The manufacturers of the lubricants will need to ensure that the uses and impacts of the products are known and understood and that a risk assessment is made that will enable the products to be manufactured and used. 

Numerous contaminants were quantified selected either by their specific chemical structure, their ecotoxicological properties or their technical application. All concentration data are presented in Tab. 3. Additionally the confluences of major tributaries are marked. 

ETAD studies have been initiated to provide a perspective of the fate d dyes in the environment. This information, combined with data on toxicological and ecotoxicological properties, will provide a basis for evaluating whether or not colorants may pose a risk to health or environment at any stage. 

Substances are classified for labelling by evaluation of their physical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties. Existing data (eg, from non-GLP and/or non-EC/OECD studies), can be used to classify existing chemical substances and there is no obligation for new testing. For full classification, the Base Set of tests for notification of a new... 

At present, the ecotoxicological properties of Bi are not known, the main reason being the low concentration of the element in the environment (Iffland 1993). One problem may be foreseen in the increased Bi content in the vicinity of purification plants where bismuth salts are prepared for use in therapeutics (Mueller 1989). 

Table 22.1 Structure, physical, toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of cyflufenamid [3].

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