Geophysical techniques

Geophysical techniques can be used for many purposes, such as to (1) map hidden hydrogeologic features, (2) map leachate plumes and zones of... 

It is important to understand that any geophysical method which is successful at one site may or may not have the same success at another site. There are many variables associated with all geophysical techniques as presented in Table 6. Someone with the experience to know the limitations of each of the techniques should be consulted prior to developing a large geophysical reconnaissance program. 

Remote sensing, aerial photography, geophysical techniques... 

Borehole logging and mapping, geophysical techniques (limited)... 

Table 6. Geophysical Techniques, Their Application and Limitations at Hazardous Waste Sites (Johnson, 1986)...

The use of SP surveys as an exploration tool has waned since the 1950s with the increasing sophistication of other electrical geophysical techniques such as induced polarisation (IP) and ground resistivity. Part of the reason is that the interpretation of these non-passive techniques is easier because electrical theory and electronics theory can be applied. Since the causes of natural SP above mineralisation are still widely misunderstood (Hamilton, 1998), the interpretation of the results of SP surveys is difficult. 

The significance of any environmental impact of petroleum production is affected by the stage of the producing process. Land exploration by aerial surveying, or by the use of aerial or surface-based geophysical techniques such... 

Since that time, geophysical techniques and technologies for the detection of subsurface munitions and explosives of concern have been developed. It is now possible to detect with some accuracy individual or mass buried munitions and explosives of concern magnetometry and active geophysical systems are the most common and productive technologies (ITRC, 2004). 

Based upon several successful site evaluations that employed geophysical methods combined with conventional exploratory techniques in investigating sites underlain by limestone, the following potential site evaluation was developed. The intent of this hypothetical situation was to illustrate the concept of an integrated site evaluation in which geophysical techniques are utilized to increase the effectiveness of the groundwater monitoring system. 

By employing geophysical techniques to complement conventional methods of subsurface exporation, a monitoring network can be designed that has an overall increase in efficiency and is cost-effective (2,6). 

Benson, R. C. Glaccum, R. A. Noel, M. R. "Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried Wastes and Waste Mibratum" U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, Nev., 1984 p. 236. 

An Evaluation of Soil Gas and Geophysical Techniques for Detection of Hydrocarbons... 

Use of Airborne, Surface and Borehole Geophysical Techniques at Contaminated Sites A Reference Guide... 

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