Environmental impact index

Zhao et al. describe the concepts and mathematical foundations for PARIS II software that designs solvent mixtures based on optimal solvent properties. The solvent property categories include performance requirements and environmental requirements (a VOC index and an environmental impacts index), and are based on general, dynamic, and equilibrium properties. The chapter by Nelson contains... 

MFCA objective function can be considered as an environmental impact index. While environmental negative impact reduces, green productivity increases. Designing of a measurement system that represents the relationships between green productivity and MFCA initiatives could be new area for researching. 

The EPS system was initially developed to be used within the product development process as a tool to help assess the environmental performance of products. The system is based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology and uses inventory data (kg of substance A), characterization factors (impact/kg of substance X) and weighting factors (cost/impacts) to calculate the external costs or values of a product. By multiplying the characterization factor with the weighting factor, an impact index is obtained (cost/kg of substance X) which describe the cost/values related to the emission per use of a kg of a certain substance. 

Solvent Environmental impact-Solvent Greenness Scoring Index Environmental impact-CSK SSG... 

In the case study, the quantitative environmental impact assessment and the PEI indexes are cited from the WAR algorithm, it is worth noting that, however, quantitative impact assessment and environmental indexes are likely to improve with time, and that these improvements can be incorporate... 

After a process flowsheet has been established, it is appropriate for a detailed environmental impact evaluation to be performed. The end result of the impact evaluation will be a set of environmental metrics (indexes) representing the major environmental impacts or risks of the entire process. A number of indexes are needed to account for potential damage to human health and to several important environmental compartments. 

Table 5 illustrates the grouping of effluents and emissions to water, air, and solid waste. 2 ft is important to note that the mass in these categories cannot be simply added to produce a meaningful environmental index because some are associated with much more significant environmental impacts than others. The process of converting all of these outputs to useful burden index measures is a part of the inventory assessment process. 

Quantitative evaluation of chemical processes in terms of environmental impact and eco-friendliness has gradually become a topic of great interest since the original introduction of the atom economy (AE) by Trost [1], and the E-factor by Sheldon [2]. Since then, other indexes have been proposed for the green metrics of chemical processes, such as effective mass yield (EMY) [3], reaction mass efficiency (RME) [4] and mass intensity (MI) [5], along with unification efforts [6, 7] and comparisons among these indexes [8]. 

Ethanol Production Simultaneous minimization of potential environmental impact, resource conservation and energy consumption. Analytic hierarchy process The three criteria were combined into a single objective integrated environmental index, which needs to be minimized. Ethanol production via two alternative routes was compared. Jiacto/. (2004)... 

Since this program is in the early stages of development, this chapter will discuss recent progress associated with a planned flight test of a military aircraft to acquire narrowband acoustics. The majority of full-scale acoustic studies have been performed to establish the environmental impact on a community by estimating ground contours to set Duration Index Levels. As a result, these studies are generally performed in Vs-octave bands. 

Metrics may also be indexed with respect to a manufacturing output, input, throughput, or batch size, as discussed in AUen and Rosselot (1997). Product-based environmental impact analysis requires activity-based inventory assessment (Stuart et al. 1998). Similar to activity-based costing (see Chapter 89), activity-based environmental inventory assessment recognizes the hieiarchy of impacts tmd assigns them proportionately to an activity such as a product or service. 

The environmental impacts of both the solvent to be replaced and the replacement solvent are considered using two indexes an air index and an overall environmental index. Since the object here is to formulate substitute solvents that have better environmental performance, the indexes for the solvent to be replaced are not matched but are rather treated as an upper bound on the indexes of the acceptable replacement. This insures that the replacement solvent is environmentally better than the original solvent as measured by the indexes. The inherent toxic effects of the solvent and the toxic effects due to volatile organic emissions are considered separately because, when chemicals are mixed, their volatility changes due to the non-idealities in the mixture. Therefore, a chemical that has low risk by inhalation due to low volatility in pure form can have a much higher volatility and a much higher risk when mixed with other chemicals. The air index,... 

As already discussed, the potential environmental impact of the solvent is measured by the values of the Air Index,, and the Environmental Index,. The values for both of these indexes for MEK and the replacement mixture are shown in Table III below. The environmental indexes are treated differently than other properties (1) the desired value for each index is not the value for MEK but zero and (2) the value of each index for MEK is treated as the iq)per bound on the respective index for the replacement solvent. Setting the desired value to zero implies that, all other considerations being equal, the lower the values of the indexes, the more desirable the solvent. Setting the value of the indexes for MEK as an upper bound insures that the replacement solvent will be environmentally better than MEK as measured by the two indexes. 

Currently, the purpose of the Higg Index is to guide the decision making of brands and manufacturers on an internal basis. In other words, it is a tool used by companies to self-assess their environmental and social performance, identify areas of strength and weakness, and opportunities for improvement. Future plans of the SAC for the Higg Index include development of a methodology to use the Index to communicate to consumers and other public stakeholders the social and environmental impacts of apparel product manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. 

I hate to admit it, but it s true—it s getting harder and harder to hate Walmart. Details are surfacing about the gigantic retailer s initiative to create a sustainability index. One that would meticulously measure the environmental impact of every single item it stocks. Needless to say, the idea alone raises plenty of questions. 

CYCLIZATION REACTIONS BY MINIMUM ATOM ECONOMY AND MAXIMUM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTOR, MAXIMUM MOLECULAR WEIGHT FRACTION OF SACRIFICIAL REAGENTS, HYPSICITY INDEX... 

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