Stakeholder requirements

Also, MCDA allows the costs and practicality of meeting a standard to be accommodated in the final decision. This can be achieved by identifying the technological options for mitigating exposure, each of which would be associated with a different standard. They could include not only a do nothing option but also the application of different technologies or assumptions about the benefits that would follow from adopting best practice in some or all industry sectors. This may require stakeholder input to help focus attention on the most feasible abatement options. A preliminary analysis may usefully be shared with stakeholders so that they have an opportunity to comment and provide further information (e.g., to refine assumptions or prompt data collection to reduce uncertainty). 

After having identified the general business requirements for system development, it is essential to determine the expectations that people or organizations have towards the abihties of the intended system. These expectations are formalized in stakeholder requirements. Stakeholders are all persons and institutions involved in the development, constmction and the use of the system. Pohl states [20] ... 

Spiral Model Also known as build a little, test a little, the Spiral model is used mostly for software development. Use of this model requires stakeholders with software subject matter expertise, and management commitment to keep knowledgeable personnel o the development team throughout the iterative steps of project execution. 

Governments should employ people with the specialized knowledge and skills required to ensure effective dmg regulation. Employees must be individuals of integrity and should be well remunerated, particularly since dmg regulation involves various stakeholders with commercial interests who may try to exert pressure on the authority in order to secure decisions favourable to themselves. Adequate and sustainable financing mechanisms are clearly cmcial. 

Many individuals and organizations start down the path to green chemistry by first becoming aware of chemicals of concern in the products that they make or use. This awareness may come via regulations, internal priorities or external pressure from concerned stakeholders. Chemicals of concern satisfy two requirements ... 

The DfE partnership will develop information to improve the understanding of the environmental and human health impacts of new and current materials that can be used to meet the fire safety requirements for circuit boards. Project partners include electronics manufacturers, component and board manufacturers, chemical companies, trade associations, environmental groups, universities and governments. The project will consider environmental and human health impacts that can occur throughout the life cycle of a material, from development and manufacture, through product use and end of life of the material or product. Stakeholders have expressed a particular interest in understanding the combustion products that could be formed during certain end of life scenarios. The list of active partners includes ... 

Established Practices Codes, standards, regulatory requirements, industry guidelines, recommended practices, and supplier specifications have all developed over the years to embody the collective experience of industry and its stakeholders in the safe handling of specific materials. These should be the engineer s first resource in seeking to design a new facility. 

The architecture largely determines how well the system will meet its requirements. Much of our earlier focus in this book has been on describing the functional behavior that an end user would perceive however, the overall requirements and conflicting objectives are frequently much broader and vary among the different stakeholders—roles of people who will be involved in the construction of the system (see Table 12.2). 

The architectural models are the primary vehicle for communication among all these stakeholders and for formal review of the models against the system requirements. They form the basis for an early prototype, against which many qualities can be evaluated even though there is minimal end-user functionality implemented. 

Have the safety information required to be available to employees and other stakeholders. 

Modify the accident reporting requirements in RMP Info to define and record reactive incidents. Consider adding the term "reactive incident" to the four existing "release events" in EPA s current 5-year accident reporting requirements (Gas Release, Liquid Spill/ Evaporation, Fire, and Explosion). Structure this information collection to allow EPA and its stakeholders to identify and focus resources on industry sectors that experienced the incidents chemicals and processes involved and impact on the public, the workforce, and the environment. 

The outcome of planning should include the generation of a method definition requirement document (MDRD) in which all stake holders agree, prior to method development, on the critical attributes of the method. Considerations such as what impurities/degradation products should be monitored, requisite reporting thresholds, the need for an MS-compatible method, if identical methods for DP and DS are required, etc., should be clearly decided and agreed upon by all stakeholders. 

---