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Energy densiti

Fig. 3 Refraction values of both (0°+ 90°) fiber directions with respect to impact energy per layer. The fiber/matrix debonding of CFRP laminates correlates significantly to the impact energy per volume (energy density). Fig. 3 Refraction values of both (0°+ 90°) fiber directions with respect to impact energy per layer. The fiber/matrix debonding of CFRP laminates correlates significantly to the impact energy per volume (energy density).
For example, the definition of a system as 10.0 g FI2O at 10.0°C at an applied pressure p= 1.00 atm is sufficient to specify that the water is liquid and that its other properties (energy, density, refractive index, even non-thennodynamic properties like the coefficients of viscosity and themial condnctivify) are uniquely fixed. [Pg.323]

Boltzmaim showed that the energy density emided per second from a unit surface of a black body is a7 where T is the temperature and a is the Stefan-Boltzmaim constant, but it takes statistical mechanics to produce the fonnula... [Pg.691]

The unique feature in spontaneous Raman spectroscopy (SR) is that field 2 is not an incident field but (at room temperature and at optical frequencies) it is resonantly drawn into action from the zero-point field of the ubiquitous blackbody (bb) radiation. Its active frequency is spontaneously selected (from the infinite colours available in the blackbody) by the resonance with the Raman transition at co - 0I2 r material. The effective bb field mtensity may be obtained from its energy density per unit circular frequency, the... [Pg.1197]

Cortona embedded a DFT calculation in an orbital-free DFT background for ionic crystals [183], which necessitates evaluation of kinetic energy density fiinctionals (KEDFs). Wesolowski and Warshel [184] had similar ideas to Cortona, except they used a frozen density background to examine a solute in solution and examined the effect of varying the KEDF. Stefanovich and Truong also implemented Cortona s method with a frozen density background and applied it to, for example, water adsorption on NaCl(OOl) [185]. [Pg.2226]

Wang Y A and Carter E A 2000 Orbital-free kinetic-energy density functional theory Theoretical Methods in Condensed Phase Chemistry (Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics Series) ed S D Schwartz (Boston Kluwer) pp 117-84... [Pg.2232]

Wang Y A, Govind N and Carter E A 1999 Orbital-free kinetic-energy density functionals with a density-dependent kernel Phys. Rev. B 60 16 350... [Pg.2232]

As for crystals, tire elasticity of smectic and columnar phases is analysed in tenns of displacements of tire lattice witli respect to the undistorted state, described by tire field u(r). This represents tire distortion of tire layers in a smectic phase and, tluis, u(r) is a one-dimensional vector (conventionally defined along z), whereas tire columnar phase is two dimensional, so tliat u(r) is also. The symmetry of a smectic A phase leads to an elastic free energy density of tire fonn [86]... [Pg.2558]

C and I account for gradients of the smectic order parameter the fifth tenn also allows for director fluctuations, n. The tenn is the elastic free-energy density of the nematic phase, given by equation (02.2.9). In the smectic... [Pg.2559]

A phase itself, the amplitude of the density modulation is constant and twist and splay distortions are forbidden, thus the expression for the free energy density simplifies to equation (C2.2.10). [Pg.2559]

In die presence of an electromagnetic field of energy of about our systems can undergo absorjDtive transitions from to E2, extracting a photon from die electric field. In addition, as described by Einstein, die field can induce emission of photons from 2 lo E (given E2 is occupied). Let die energy density of die external field be E(v) dren. [Pg.2858]

A typical molecular dynamics simulation comprises an equflibration and a production phase. The former is necessary, as the name imphes, to ensure that the system is in equilibrium before data acquisition starts. It is useful to check the time evolution of several simulation parameters such as temperature (which is directly connected to the kinetic energy), potential energy, total energy, density (when periodic boundary conditions with constant pressure are apphed), and their root-mean-square deviations. Having these and other variables constant at the end of the equilibration phase is the prerequisite for the statistically meaningful sampling of data in the following production phase. [Pg.369]

We can sample the energy density of radiation p(v, T) within a chamber at a fixed temperature T (essentially an oven or furnace) by opening a tiny transparent window in the chamber wall so as to let a little radiation out. The amount of radiation sampled must be very small so as not to disturb the equilibrium condition inside the chamber. When this is done at many different frequencies v, the blackbody spectrum is obtained. When the temperature is changed, the area under the spechal curve is greater or smaller and the curve is displaced on the frequency axis but its shape remains essentially the same. The chamber is called a blackbody because, from the point of view of an observer within the chamber, radiation lost through the aperture to the universe is perfectly absorbed the probability of a photon finding its way from the universe back through the aperture into the chamber is zero. [Pg.2]

If we think in terms of the particulate nature of light (wave-particle duality), the number of particles of light or other electi omagnetic radiation (photons) in a unit of frequency space constitutes a number density. The blackbody radiation curve in Fig. 1-1, a plot of radiation energy density p on the vertical axis as a function of frequency v on the horizontal axis, is essentially a plot of the number densities of light particles in small intervals of frequency space. [Pg.3]

The solubility parameter is not calculated directly. It is calculated as the square root of the cohesive energy density. There are a number of group additivity techniques for computing cohesive energy. None of these techniques is best for all polymers. [Pg.314]

The small cross-sectional area covered by a laser light beam coupled with the energy density in the beam leads to power levels reaching from milliwatts to many hundreds of kilowatts per square meter. [Pg.398]

We shall devote a considerable portion of this chapter to discussing the thermodynamics of mixing according to the Flory-Huggins theory. Other important concepts we discuss in less detail include the cohesive energy density, the Flory-Krigbaum theory, and a brief look at charged polymers. [Pg.506]

The quantity AU JV° is the internal energy of vaporization per unit volume and is called the cohesive energy density (CED) of component i. The square root of the CED is generally given the symbol 6j for component i. [Pg.526]

Table 8.2 Values of the Cohesive Energy Density (CED) for Some Common Solvents and the Solubility Parameter 6 for These Solvents and Some Common Polymers... Table 8.2 Values of the Cohesive Energy Density (CED) for Some Common Solvents and the Solubility Parameter 6 for These Solvents and Some Common Polymers...
For benzene at 25°C this becomes AU = 33,900 - 8.314 (298) = 31,400 J mol". The molar volume of a compound is given by V° = (molecular weight)/ (density). For benzene at 25°C, this becomes V° = 78.0/0.879 = 88.7 cm mol". Tlie cohesive energy density is simply the ratio AUy/V°, but in evaluating this numerically, the question of units arises. By convention, these are usually expressed in calories per cubic centimeter, so we write... [Pg.528]

The phenomenon of acoustic cavitation results in an enormous concentration of energy. If one considers the energy density in an acoustic field that produces cavitation and that in the coUapsed cavitation bubble, there is an amplification factor of over eleven orders of magnitude. The enormous local temperatures and pressures so created result in phenomena such as sonochemistry and sonoluminescence and provide a unique means for fundamental studies of chemistry and physics under extreme conditions. A diverse set of apphcations of ultrasound to enhancing chemical reactivity has been explored, with important apphcations in mixed-phase synthesis, materials chemistry, and biomedical uses. [Pg.265]


See other pages where Energy densiti is mentioned: [Pg.108]    [Pg.722]    [Pg.835]    [Pg.2013]    [Pg.2017]    [Pg.2209]    [Pg.2218]    [Pg.123]    [Pg.150]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.3]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.31]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.87]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.399]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.527]    [Pg.528]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.9]    [Pg.256]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.425 , Pg.426 ]




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Absorbed energy density

Absorbed energy density, calculation

Appendix calculation of theoretical gravimetric energy densities

Barsukov and V. S. Tverdokhleb omposite Anode Materials for High Energy Density ithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries energy density

Batteries energy storage density

Bending energy density

Biomass energy density

Blackbody radiation, energy density

Bond critical point electronic kinetic energy density

Bond critical point electronic potential energy density

Bond energies density functional theory

Bond energy densities

Capacitor, Energy Density

Capacity and Energy Density Aspects

Carbon zinc, primary energy density

Cells energy density

Characteristic vibrational energy density

Charge Density and Hydrogen-Bond Energies

Cohesion energies density and

Cohesion energy density

Cohesive energy density

Cohesive energy density , miscibility

Cohesive energy density 144 correlation volume

Cohesive energy density CED

Cohesive energy density correlation

Cohesive energy density of water

Cohesive energy density parameter determinations

Cohesive energy density parameters

Cohesive energy density, definition

Cohesive energy density, dependence

Cohesive energy density, dependence constant

Comparison of Energy Densities

Continuum theory elastic free energy density

Cooling energy density

Correlation between local density and binding energy

Correlation energy density limit

Correlation-exchange energy high-density expression

Cracking energy density

Critical plastic energy density

Deformation energy electron densities

Density Functional Theory activation energies

Density Functionals of Correlation Energy

Density Functionals of Exchange Energy

Density Functionals of Exchange-Correlation Energy

Density Functionals of Kinetic Energy

Density Helmholtz free energy

Density functional perturbation theory energy change

Density functional theory Gibbs free energy

Density functional theory adsorption energy

Density functional theory calculating minimum energy

Density functional theory chemical energy

Density functional theory correlation energy

Density functional theory energy characterization

Density functional theory energy function

Density functional theory excess free energy

Density functional theory exchange-correlation energy

Density functional theory many-electron system energy

Density functional theory potential energy surfaces

Density functional theory proton solvation energy

Density functional theory relative energies

Density functional theory reorganization energy

Density functionals electronic excitation energy

Density functions energy

Density matrix energy weighted

Density matrix-based energy functional

Density of elastic energy

Density of energy states

Discharge rate energy density curves

Double-layer capacitors energy density

Elastic behavior strain energy density

Elastic energy density

Elastic potential energy density

Elasticity energy density

Electric energy density

Electrochemical energy density

Electromagnetic field energy density

Electromagnetic theory energy density

Electromagnetic waves energy density

Electron Densities and Frontier Orbital Energies

Electron density Wigner correlation energy functional

Electron density energy

Electron localization function kinetic energy density

Electroneutrality energy density

Electronic kinetic energy densities

Electrostatic free energy density

Energetic materials energy densities

Energy Band Valence Density of States

Energy Density Critical Points

Energy Density Distribution

Energy Density Levels for Various Rechargeable Batteries

Energy Density Waves

Energy Density and Fuels

Energy Density and Intensity of Thermal Radiation

Energy Density and Irradiance

Energy branching density

Energy continued density functions

Energy current density

Energy curves relativistic density

Energy density

Energy density

Energy density analysis

Energy density and

Energy density effects

Energy density field

Energy density functional theory

Energy density functionals

Energy density functionals linear response

Energy density gravimetric

Energy density local

Energy density nickel-hydrogen batteries

Energy density of a free surface or an interface

Energy density of batteries

Energy density of blackbody radiation

Energy density of fuels

Energy density of radiation

Energy density primary batteries

Energy density table)

Energy density volumetric efficiency

Energy density, appropriate

Energy density, batteries and fuel cells

Energy density, definition

Energy density, double-layer capacitance

Energy density, equations

Energy density, fission track

Energy density, of lasers

Energy deposition process density

Energy eigenfunctions probability density

Energy flux density spectrum

Energy level density

Energy probability density

Energy representation density-functional theory

Energy spectrum average level density

Energy spectrum density distribution function of non-Newtonian liquid

Energy spectrum probability density

Energy spectrum probability density distribution

Energy states density

Energy storage density

Energy total, from self-consistent electron density

Energy transfer probability density

Ethanol energy density

Evolution of energy density distribution

Exact exchange energy density functional

Exact exchange energy density functional from Fock operator

Exchange energy, uniform electron density

Exchange-correlation energy density

Exchange-correlation energy, density functionals

Exchange-energy density functional, theory

Excited transition, energy density required

Explicit construction of the energy density functional within an orbit

Extended energy density

Formates energy density

Free energy density

Free energy density model theory

Free energy functionals density functional theory

Free-energy density Terms Links

Fuels energy density

Functional energy density

Glass transition temperature cohesive energy density

Helmholtz free energy functional, density

High Energy Density Crevice Reactor

High energy density

High energy density batteries

High energy density materials

High energy density materials (HEDMs

Hohenberg-Kohn theory energy density functionals

Hydrocarbon fuels, high energy density

Hydrogen energy density

INDEX energy rate density

Ideal rubber free energy density

Interaction energy density

Interaction energy density, polymer blends

Interchange energy density, model

Internal energy density

Invariant energy density

Jellium density, embedding energy

Kinetic Energies Calculated from Density Gradient Expansion

Kinetic Energy Density of Electron Cloud

Kinetic and potential energy density

Kinetic electron energy density

Kinetic energy density

Kinetic energy density definite positive

Laser energy density

Lead-acid stationary batteries energy density

Levy-Lieb energy density functional

Lithium energy density

Lithium manganese dioxide, primary energy density

Lithium solid electrolyte, primary energy density

Lithium sulphur cells energy density

Local density approximation energy models

Local density approximation exchange-correlation energy

Local-scaling density functional theory exchange energy

Magnetic Energy Density Stored

Magnetic energy density

Mean energy density

Methane energy density

Methanol energy density

Minimum energy density

Molecular energy density

Natural gas energy density

Nickel cadmium, secondary energy density

Nonlocal charge-density electronic potential energy

Octane energy density

Optical and quantum density of states in nanostructures Finite-energy conservation

Orbital interaction kinetic energy density

Origin density energy spectrum

Pauli kinetic energy density

Phase transitions free energy density

Photon energy mode density

Plasma density, transition energy

Poly interaction energy density of miscible blends

Polymers cohesive energy density

Positive kinetic energy density

Potential electron energy density

Potential energy curves relativistic density

Potential energy densities

Potential energy surfaces density functions

Practical energy densities

Practical gravimetric energy density

Practical volumetric energy density

Propane energy density

Radiant energy density

Radiation energy density

Radiation heat transfer energy density

Recovered energy densities

Relative energy density

Saturation energy density

Shear strain energy density

Silver zinc, primary energy density

Silver zinc, secondary energy density

Smectic liquid crystals free energy density

Solubility and the Cohesive Energy Density

Solubility parameter and the cohesive energy density

Solvation energy surface density

Solvent cohesive energy density

Spectral density energy

Spin resolution, correlation energy uniform density limit

Spin-polarized density functional theory energy function

Stored energy density

Strain energy density

Strain energy density defined

Strain energy density theory

Supercapacitors energy density

Superficial energy density

Surface energy density

Tangents, free-energy densities

The frozen density energy

Thermal energy density

Thermodynamic energy densities

Threshold Energy Densities to Generate Photoelectrons

Threshold energy density

Time-dependent density functional theory kinetic energy

Total Energies in the Local Density Approximation

Total electron energy density at BCP

Total energy density

Total energy, density-functional theory

Transition energy density

Ultrasonic energy density

Uniform density limit energy

Uniform density limit energy functionals

Volumetric Energy Density of Various Fuels

Volumetric energy density

Volumetric energy density, of batteries

Water cohesion energy density

Water cohesive energy density

Weizsacker kinetic energy density

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