Energy density table

The ratio between length and diameter of the PB cells was about 1 1. For application in cars, more powerful cells have been requested. Recently it was reported [15] that the ratio of length to diameter was increased to 2 1 without changing the mass of sodium or sulfur, i.e., the surface area of the / " —alumina was increased but the capacity of the cells remained unchanged. This results in higher power and energy densities (Table 4). 

Because of its high energy density (Table 7.5), the NaS battery has also been proposed for outer-space applicahons, as these cells can be made space-hardened. In fact, in November 1997 a test sodium sulfur cell was flown on the STS-87 Space Shuttle mission to demonstrate its operation in space. The experimental battery had a mass energy density of 150 W hkg (threefold the energy density of a nickel hydrogen battery and about eightfold that of a conventional lead-acid battery) and, when operated at 350 °C, performed sahsfactorily over a 10-day period whilst in orbit... 

Table 8.2 Values of the Cohesive Energy Density (CED) for Some Common Solvents and the Solubility Parameter 6 for These Solvents and Some Common Polymers...

Table 20. Calculated Crystal Densities and Releasable Energy Density for HEDCs and In-Service Explosives...

Table 1. Specific Energies and Energy Densities of Carbon-Zinc Cells ...

Performance. Alkaline manganese-dioxide batteries have relatively high energy density, as can be seen from Table 2. This results in part from the use of highly pure materials, formed into electrodes of near optimum density. Moreover, the cells are able to function well with a rather small amount of electrolyte. The result is a cell having relatively high capacity at a fairly reasonable cost. 

The energy density of the system depends on the type of cell as well as the current drain. Table 3 gives the specification for the various hthium systems. These coia cells have already been widely used ia electronic devices such as calculators and watches, whereas the cylindrical cells have found apphcations ia cameras. 

Table 4. Component Data and Energy Density for 300 A h Niekel Oxide—Iron Cells...

Table 1. Theoretical Energy Densities for Rechargeable Lithium Systems...

The energy densities of laser beams which are conventionally used in the production of thin films is about 10 — 10 Jcm s and a typical subsU ate in the semiconductor industry is a material having a low drermal conductivity, and drerefore dre radiation which is absorbed by dre substrate is retained near to dre surface. Table 2.8 shows dre relevant physical properties of some typical substrate materials, which can be used in dre solution of Fourier s equation given above as a first approximation to dre real situation. 

Table 8-6. Internal Pressure and Cohesive Energy Density (ced) of Solvents...

The battery features an operating voltage of 1.5-3 V. The energy density of the VG2025 (diameter 20.0 mm, height 2.5 mm) is 96 Whl-1. It can serve as a memory backup power source. Table 14 shows the specifications of the batteries [55],... 

The batteries feature a high operating voltage of 2.0-3.3 V. The energy density of SL621 (diameter 6.8 mm, height 2.1 mm) is 6.5 Whl"1. It is applicable to various types of small, thin equipment requiring backup for memory and clock function. Table 15 shows the specifications of lithium—polyacene batteries [58],... 

Table 1. Theoretical capacities, rechargeable capacities, average operating voltages, and energy densities of secondary lithium batteries with insertion materials...

Aprotic polar solvents such as those listed in Table 8.1 are widely used in electrochemistry. In solutions with such solvents the alkali metals are stable and will not dissolve under hydrogen evolution (by discharge of the proton donors) as they do in water or other protic solvents. These solvents hnd use in new types of electrochemical power sources (batteries), with hthium electrodes having high energy density. 

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