Exchange-energy density functional, theory

Lelj, F., C. Adamo, and V. Barone. 1994. Role of Hartree-Fock exchange in density functional theory. Some aspects of the conformational potential energy surface of glycine in the gas phase. Chem. Phys. Lett. 230, 189. 

Murray E, Lee K, Langreth D (2009) Investigation of exchange energy density functional accuracy fiu interacting molecules. J Chan Theory Comput 5 2754... 

Lee, H., Lee, C.,and Parr, R. G. (1991) Conjoint gradient correction to the Hartree-Fock kinetic-and exchange-energy density functionals. Phys. Rev., A44, 768-771. Yang, W. (1986) Gradient correcttion in Thomas-Fermi theory. Phys. Rev., A34, 4575-4585. 

What does this mean We have replaced the non-local and therefore fairly complicated exchange term of Hartree-Fock theory as given in equation (3-3) by a simple approximate expression which depends only on the local values of the electron density. Thus, this expression represents a density functional for the exchange energy. As noted above, this formula was originally explicitly derived as an approximation to the HF scheme, without any reference to density functional theory. To improve the quality of this approximation an adjustable, semiempirical parameter a was introduced into the pre-factor Cx which leads to the Xa or Hartree-Fock-Slater (HFS) method which enjoyed a significant amount of popularity among physicists, but never had much impact in chemistry,... 

Gritsenko, O. V., Schipper, P. R. T., Baerends, E. J., 1997, Exchange and Correlation Energy in Density Functional Theory. Comparison of Accurate DFT Quantities With Traditional Hartree-Fock Based Ones and Generalized Gradient Approximations for the Molecules Li2, N2, F2 , J. Chem. Phys., 107, 5007. 

Wesolowski, T. A., Parisel, O., Ellinger, Y., Weber, J., 1997, Comparative Study of Benzene---X (X = 02, N2, CO) Complexes Using Density Functional Theory The Importance of an Accurate Exchange-Correlation Energy Density at High Reduced Density Gradients , J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 7818. 

However, one feature of the HF potential is that it is not a local potential. In the case of perfect data (i.e. zero experimental error), the fitted orbitals obtained are no longer Kohn-Sham orbitals, as they would have been if a local potential (for example, the local exchange approximation [27]) had been used. Since the fitted orbitals can be described as orbitals which minimise the HF energy and are constrained produce the real density , they are obviously quite closely related to the Kohn-Sham orbitals, which are orbitals which minimise the kinetic energy and produce the real density . In fact, Levy [16] has already considered these kind of orbitals within the context of hybrid density functional theories. 

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