Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses

Tick-borne Encephalitis Viruses (TBE) has been recognized in nearly all countries within continental Europe (Burke and Monath, 2001). Seventeen antigenically related viruses com- 

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Antibodies raised against venom of various spiders Specificity against toxin of Clostridium tetani Specificity against toxin of C. tetani Antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus Specificity for causative agent of chicken pox... 

Tick-borne encephalitis immunoglobulin Human Antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus... 

Flaviviruses are included among the enveloped viruses recently reported as dependent on cell surface HS to efficiently initiate cell infection. An involvement of HS during attachment and entry through its binding to the virion envelope glycoprotein E was initially demonstrated for DENV [82] and then extended to YFV [83], tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) [84], and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) [85], as well as to hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Hepacivirus genus of Flaviviridae [86]. 

Although there are mechanistic differences between retroviruses, paramyxoviruses, and the orthomyxovirus influenza, the viruses discussed to this point have definite structural and functional similarities including spikelike, trimeric native structures and the presence of coiled coils in their fusion-active subunits. The flaviviruses and alphaviruses, however, appear to be another class of enveloped viruses entirely. Flaviviruses include yellow fever. West Nile virus. Dengue virus, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Alphaviruses, of the togavirus family, include... 

Allison, S. L., Schalich.J., Stiasny, K., Mandl, C. W., Kunz, C., and Heinz, F. X. (1995). Oligomeric rearrangement of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins induced by an acidic pH./ Virol. 69, 695-700. 

Corver, J., Ortiz, A., Allison, S. L., Schalich, J., Heinz, F. X., and Wilschut, J. (2000). Membrane fusion activity of tick-borne encephalitis virus and recombinant subviral particles in a liposomal model system. Virology 269, 37-46. 

Chapman and Liljas, Fig. 7. The structure of tick-borne encephalitis virus glycoprotein E (Rey et al, 1995). The color scheme is blue to red from the N terminus to the C terminus. Domain 3 is also shown in Fig. 3b. 

Kuhn and Strauss, Fig. 2. Comparison of the backbone structures of SFV El with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) E. Ribbon diagrams have domain 1 colored red, domain 11 yellow, and domain 111 blue. The fusion peptides are colored green. The N and C termini are labeled N and C, respectively. 

Holzmann H, Utter G, Norrby E, Mandl CW, Kunz C, Heinz FX (1993) Assessment of the antigenic structure of tick-borne encephalitis virus by the use of synthetic peptides. J Gen Virol 74 2031-2035. 

TBE is caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, that was initially isolated in 1937. A closely related virus in Far Eastern Eurasia. Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus (RSSEV), is responsible tor a similar disease with a more severe clinical course. 

VII. Marburg virus V12. Monkey pox virus V13. Ritt Valley fever virus V14. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus) V15. Variola virus... 

Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex (Absettarov, Hanzalova, Hypr., Kumlinge, Kyasanur Forest disease, Russian Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Spring-Summer encephalitis)... 

Alekseev AN, Burenkova LA, Chunikhin SP. The use of smells of plant origin as indicators of the extensiveness and intensity of ixodid tick infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus. Med Para-zitol (Mosk) 1991 (3) 10-4. 

Tick-borne encephalitis virus Gradient of acetonitrile/ 2-propanol, 1 1 in 0.01 M TFA 26... 

Svitkin, Y. V., Ugarova, T. Y., Chernovskaya, T. V., Lyapustin, V. N., Lashkevich, V. A., and Agol, V. I., 1981, Translation of tick-borne encephalitis virus (flavi-virus) genome in vitro Synthesis of two structural polypeptides. Virology 110 26. 

Arbovirus transmission is enhanced by mosquito saliva. Cache Valley virus introduced into feeding sites of Aedes aegypti, Aedes triseriatus, or Culex pipiens enhances infection (108). Likewise, saliva of A. triseriatus potentiates vesicular stomatitis virus transmission (109). Tick saliva facilitates transmission of Thogoto virus (110), tick-borne encephalitis virus (111), vesicular stomatitis virus (112), Theileria parva (113), and Francisella tularensis (114). 

Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Sendai virus, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), PDGF receptor 0.1% SDS in 0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.5 or 0.1% SDS in 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0 10,11,12,13,14... 

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