Supportive care

Wliich of the following drug classes are not currently licensed for the treatment of HIV disease  

Wliich of the following class of dnxgs is not recommended for first line therapy in patients with HIV-associated dementia  

Contemporary treatment of HIV infection requires the use of two nucleoside reverse transciiptase inliibitors (NRTI) combined with either a non-nucleoside reverse transciiptase inliibitors or a protease inliibitor. Wliich of the following NRTI backbones will you prefer to use in a patient recently diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia  

Wliich of the following nucleoside reverse transcriptase inliibitors has the best penetration into CSF  

Which of the following combinations will not be recommended for first Une therapy in a patient with 111V associated dementia  

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Patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy very often need concomitant administrating of antiemetic therapy. Such protocols will start well in advance of administering the cytotoxic, and last for a reasonable time with regard to pharmacokinetics of the antineoplastic agent. In addition, side effects of antineoplastic therapy are made better tolerable by supportive care. 

The Antiemetic Subcommittee of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (2006) Prevention of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced emesis results of the Perugia International Antiemetic Consensus Conference. Ann Oncol 17 20-28... 

ENHANCING SLEEP PATTERNS. To promote the effects of the sedative or hypnotic the nurse provides supportive care, such as back rubs, night lights or a darkened room, and a quiet atmosphere. The patient is discouraged from drinking beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, or cola drinks, which can contribute to wakefulness. 

The identification of co-occurring medical problems is an important element in detoxification (Naranjo and Sellers 1986). Good supportive care and treatment of concurrent illness, including fluid and electrolyte repletion, are essential (Naranjo and Sellers 1986). Administration of thiamine (50—100 mg/day po or im) and multivitamins is a low-cost, low-risk intervention for the prophylaxis and treatment of alcohol-related neurological disturbances. 

No specific treatments for ketamine intoxication are currently indicated (Solh-khah and Wilens 1998). General supportive care, including providing the patient with a quiet, low-stimulus environment, can be helpful (Koestets et al. 

General Supportive Care for Patients With an Acute Cerebrovascular Accident... 

Subsequent dosing based on clinical response ° May cause hypocalcemia, which may worsen the signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia ° Hemodialysis ° Supportive care... 

Given the severity of acute pancreatitis, patients are monitored closely in the intensive care setting. Patients with mild disease can be managed more conservatively with observation and supportive care. Critically ill patients may require surgery and aggressive life support measures.16,28... 

There is no specific pharmacologic treatment for acute viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E only supportive care is available. 

Managing viral hepatitis involves both prevention and treatment. Prevention of hepatitis A and B (and indirectly for hepatitis D) can be achieved with immune globulin or vaccines. There is no specific pharmacologic treatment for acute viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E only supportive care is available. Individuals with mild to moderate symptoms rarely require hospitalization. Occasionally, hospitalization is required in individuals experiencing significant nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and encephalopathy. Liver transplantation may be required in rare instances if fulminant hepatitis develops. 

At present, only acute cases of hepatitis E have been documented. There are no vaccines available to prevent hepatitis E however, a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine is undergoing Phase II/III study to determine its efficacy in preventing hepatitis E infections.49 Supportive care is the only treatment available for acute hepatitis E infection.19... 

Midazolam, propofol, and pentobarbital infusions can be used for refractory status epilepticus but may require intensive monitoring and supportive care. 

If withdrawal is from alcohol, administer the CIWA-Ar to determine withdrawal severity. A score of 8 to 10 denotes relatively mild withdrawal, and the patient can be treated as an outpatient with supportive care only. A score from 11 to 14 can be treated on either an outpatient or inpatient basis, with either supportive care or with benzodiazepines, depending on the presence of underlying medical problems and the prior history of... 

Provide supportive care for patients with CNS infections, including hydration, electrolyte replacement, antipyretics, analgesics, and antiepileptic drugs. 

Influenza viruses A and B can cause pneumonia in pediatric and adult patients. Amantidine and rimantidine are available oral agents with activity against influenza virus type A. If started within 48 hours of the onset of the first symptoms, they reduce the duration of the illness by about 1.3 days. Oseltamivir and zanamivir also are oral agents and are active against both type A and B viruses. These agents also reduce the duration of the illness by about 1.3 days if initiated within 40 to 48 hours of the first symptoms.29 For active infection beyond the first 48 hours, none of these agents is effective in treating the infection, and supportive care is the best treatment for these patients. 

I The cornerstone of rotavirus treatment is supportive care and rehydration with ORT or intravenous fluids if necessary. Antimotility and antisecretory agents should not be used... 

Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens encountered in hospitals, ranking as the third to fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in United States Hospitals.18 The incidence of nosocomial candidiasis has increased steadily since the early 1980s, with the widespread use of central venous catheters, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, and other advancements in the supportive care... 

Nephrotoxicity IDV potentially TDF Onset IDV—months after therapy TDF—weeks to months after therapy Symptoms IDV—asymptomatic rarely develop end-stage renal disease TDF—asymptomatic to symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Fanconi syndrome 1. History of renal disease 2. Concomitant use of nephrotoxic drugs Avoid use of other nephrotoxic drugs adequate hydration if on IDV monitor creatinine, urinalysis, serum potassium and phosphorus in patients at risk D/C offending agent, generally reversible supportive care electrolyte replacement as indicated... 

Cancer treatments have exploded technologically in the last couple of decades. The fields of radiation therapy, surgery, and pharmaceuticals have had numerous developments, so patients are receiving not only less toxic treatments but also treatments that have improved outcomes over those of 15 years ago. Supportive-care therapies have improved, so patients may be at... 

The performance status of the patient represents an important aspect of chemotherapy treatment decisions. Patients with a performance status of 0 to 1 maybe treated with chemotherapy. Patients with a performance status of 2 maybe treated with less aggressive regimens that have a decreased risk of major toxici-ties, whereas performance status 3 and 4 patients should be treated with supportive care only. 

Following treatment, evaluate the goals of therapy versus the response that was achieved. Was there response to treatment or progression of disease If the patient is being treated with supportive care, then alleviation of symptoms and improvement in quality of life should be of primary importance. Be sure to document objective evaluations of the outcome in the care plan. 

Provision of high-level supportive care to ameliorate the tox-icities of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to optimize quality of life during treatment... 

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