Influenza-like illness

Signs and Symptoms Influenza-like illness with a rash. 

Since this virus has successfully been eradicated from the U.S., any appearance of the virus would likely be sign of a terrorist event. Almost 100% of those exposed to the virus will develop an influenza-like illness. Most encephalitis viruses are destroyed by heat and are easily killed by ordinary disinfectants. 

Hirota Y, Tadeshita S, Kataoka K, et al. 1992. Individual and environmental characteristics related to influenza-like illness among children A school-based case-control study. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 47(2) 587-599. 

Toxieology. Copper fume causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract and metal fume fever (MFF), an influenza-like illness. 

Toxicology. Inhalation of zinc oxide fume causes an influenza-like illness termed metal fume fever. 

Lab test abnormalities Elevations of liver enzymes and CPK, lymphopenia, and neutropenia occurred. These were reported in similar proportions of zanamivir and lactose-vehicle placebo recipients with acute influenza-like illness. 

Adverse effects of such regimes are common, thus interferons can cause anorexia, influenza-like illness, myelosuppression, and cardiovascular, hepatic and renal adverse effects. 

Musculoskeletal Myalgia, myositis, fatigue, fever, influenza-like illness, rigor... 

Coccidioides immitis is a dimorphic fungus that grows in soil in much of the southwestern United States infection results from inhalation of airborne C. immitis arthroconidia. Coccidioidomycosis is not transmitted from person to person. Approximately 60% of infected persons are asymptomatic the remainder can develop a spectrum of disease from mild influenza-like illness to pneumonia to disseminated disease, including meningitis. Because the incubation period for this infection ranges from 1 to 4 weeks, persons who may... 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2001a). Considerations for distinguishing influenza-like illness from inhalational... 

Other reported adverse effects include acute pleuropericardial effusions, perforated duodenal ulcer, acute myositis and pulmonary infiltrates, vascuhtis with pulmonary infiltrates and jaundice, influenza-like illnesses, chest pain, headache, dizziness, anxiety, maculopapular rash, and night sweats (6). 

Pitts SR. Evidence-based emergency medicine/systematic review abstract. Use of the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral drugs for treatment of healthy adults with an acute influenza-like illness. Ann Emerg Med 2002 39(5) 552-4. 

A case report describing a 41-year-old male who took Echinacea routinely at the start of influenza-like illness recalled taking it before each of four clinical episodes of erythema nodosum. These episodes lasted anywhere from a few days to 2 weeks and each time they resolved when the Echinacea was stopped. He was followed a year later and had not had any more recurrences of erythema nodosum. He had other bouts of intermittent influenza illness similar to the previous episodes, which he treated with Echinacea, but the patient was unwilling to rechallenge with Echinacea. The authors concluded that the erythema nodosum could have been caused by a number of... 

Early Diagnosis of Inhalational Anthrax Differentiating Anthrax from Influenza-like Illness... 

Table 2.5 Clinical findings of inhalational anthrax, laboratory confirmed influenza, and other causes of influenza-like illness...

Zambon MC, Stockton JD, Clewley JP, Fleming DM (2001) Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness an observational study. Lancet 358 1410-1416... 

Toxoplasmosis is common in the United Kingdom and in most cases causes a mild influenza-like illness, although infection during pregnancy can be a cause of abortion or neurological damage in the foetus. In patients with HIV, toxoplasma can be the cause of serious illness. Toxoplasma encephalitis is a common complication of HIV infection. 

See also Notice to Readers Considerations for Distinguishing Influenza-Like Illness from Inhalational Anthrax. 

Each year, several tens of millions of people get "influenza-like illness" from many different infections during the fall and winter months. This happens every year and is expected. These illnesses are due to many different viruses and agents, including influenza viruses and common cold viruses. 

In a subgroup of the IMPACT 2 trial, an extension of IMPACT 1, 39 laryngeal attacks in 16 patients were treated with plasma-derived Cl-inhibitor concentrate (Cl-INH) 20 U/kg per attack. One patient had an influenza-like illness, which was assessed as possibly product related and resolved within 1 day [26 ]. 

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