Element content

Region segmentation, when we are interested by the image element contents. 

HBI has been successfully melted in cupolas (hot or cold blast), induction furnaces (coreless or channel), and electric arc furnaces. It can be a valuable charge material for ductile and malleable irons as well as steel. It is of particular value in making ductile iron castings because of its very low residual element content. 

Table 15. Mineral Element Content of Cocoa and Chocolate Products., mg/100g ...

A - the number of element content determinations falling into the intervals (C -A)4(C -2A)and(C +A) (C +2A), A-the number of element content determinations falling outside of these intervals. 

The existing variety of means and methods of micro-element analysis is used worldwide for the determination of element contents in atmospheric aerosols when they ai e collected at aspiration filters, sediment and natural surfaces and biota objects where toxic substances migration can be observed. 

ION EXCHANGE DETERMINATION OF TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS CONTENT IN ENVIRONMENT OBJECTS... 

The elemental homeostasis is the particularity of total homeostasis of organism, the alteration of the parameters of this system may result in pathological changes. The liver is the organ where the detoxication processes take place. The elemental content of the liver may reflect the pathological processes which occur not only in the liver but also in the whole organism. 

The role of nails in human metabolism is still the unexplored field. Nowadays, on the literature sources, there is no information about elemental content of each nail of individual human. There is a little information about how the elements to get into the nail structure. Weather it is possible the exogenous elements to enter the nail or no How the elements to distribute in different nails of the same individual How the elements to distribute on the total area of nail Weather the changes in elemental composition in time take place. 

The goal of our research was the comparison of the elemental content in cut part of nail and the part of nail, which contacts with the soft tissues of finger, the determination of elemental concentrations in 20 nails of individual, the determination of the elemental distribution as a dynamic mechanism. 

The results obtained show, that absolute meanings of elemental concentrations in the nails of each human are individual. The change of the elemental content with time in nails of a donor is individually dominated. These data allow drawing a conclusion, that the application of nails in non-invasive diagnostic is correct. 

Over the last seventeen year s the Analytical center at our Institute amassed the actual material on the application of XRF method to the quantitative determination of some major (Mg, Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe) and trace (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ba, La, Ce, Pb, Th, U) element contents [1, 2]. This paper presents the specific features of developed techniques for the determination of 25 element contents in different types of rocks using new Biaiker Pioneer automated spectrometer connected to Intel Pentium IV. The special features of X-ray fluorescence analysis application to the determination of analyzed elements in various types of rocks are presented. The softwai e of this new X-ray spectrometer allows to choose optimal calibration equations and the coefficients for accounting for line overlaps by Equant program and to make a mathematic processing of the calibration ai ray of CRMs measured by the Loader program. 

The goal of present investigation is the continuation of the researches on the determination of elemental content in the specimens from Pazyryk graves and the comparison of the elemental interrelations between the all samples. In addition, it was performed the determination of elemental concentrations in hair and nails of contemporary people from Ukok Plateau. 

The new data obtained on the elemental content of the ash from ritual censer confirm the hypothesis, which was postulated in earlier researches, about that possibility of the human copper-poisoning during the ritual narcotic inhalations. 

Fig. 3.67. RBS spectrum for impact of 3 MeV (SIMNRA) of a four-layer simulation. The thick-protons and NRA proton spectrum for impact of ness is expressed in lO atoms cm and the 2 MeV deuterons. The full line gives the fit result element content in at% [3.194].

Table 7. Comparisons of Trace Element Content in Oregon Soil and Rocks with That in Water Cone in Rocks and Soil /xg g Cone, in Oregon Streams, Mean, mg...

Discrimination factors on different trophic levels in relation to the trace element content... 

An expansion of the solution TMP approach involves a cothermolytic strategy, whereby two or more molecular species that thermally convert to materials under mild heating are converted simultaneously in the same solution [83,128-130]. This cothermolysis method allows the composition of the final material to be tuned to variable stoichiometries, and has proven useful in the generation of catalytic materials where even small variations in elemental content can lead to dramatic performance changes. The remainder of this section serves to provide examples of the materials that can be formed via simple solid phase or solution TMP routes. 

Figure 1.104. The relationship among S O (in permil) of fluids, minor element contents, and A/Q (adula-ria/quartz ratio) in the vein from wall rock side (3-IT) to central part (5-2T) (Ryosen No. 5 vein, Hishikari mine, 85 ml E50) (Shikazono and Nagayama, 1993).

Figures 1.137 and 1.138 show the change in elemental contents (Si02, K2O, CaO, MgO) of altered andesitic rocks away from the quartz vein system. Figure 1.139 shows the relationships between (CaO - - Na20) content and K2O content. These data indicate the following features of compositional variation of altered rocks.

Figure 1.137. The variations of major element contents in andesite (drilling core. 8-MAHAK-4 and underground samples) away from the vein system (Shikazano et al., 2002), Diamond Hishikari Lower Andesitic tuff (underground samples) square Hishikari Lower Andesitic tuff (drilling core samples) triangle Hishikari Lower Andesitic lava (drilling core samples) x relatively fresh Hishikari Lower Andesitic lava (drilling core samples). (A) SiO content variation. (B) K2O content variation. (C) CaO content variation.

Average major element contents except Si02 content of the Funakawa are very similar to NASC, but Si02, Na20 and MnO contents are higher and the other element contents are lower than the NASC. 

Analytical data on minor element contents are compared with Average Shale by Turekian (1972) (Fig. 1.155). 

Kucera j, Mader P, Miholova D, Cibulka J, Faltejsek J and Kordik D (1995) Preparation of the bovine kidney and bovine muscle reference materials and the certification of element contents fi om interlaboratory comparisons. Fresenius J Anal Chem 352 66-72. 

Kucesa J, Sychra V and Koubek J (1998) A set of four soil reference materials with certified values of total element contents and their extractable fractions. Fresenius J Anal Chem 360 402-405. 

An extremely wide variety of analytical methods are used by RM producers and developers in the certification of RMs for inorganic elemental content. These methods range from the classical, through current instrument based methods to highly specialized definitive methods. 

Tab. 3.3 Methods for the certification of RMs for elemental content Initial stages pretreatment, preconcentration, isolation and separation...

Certification of Element Contents by Neutron Activation Analysis... 

It can be concluded that, in the field of RM certification, NAA represents a major analytical technique contributing significantly to the certification of element contents in environmental and biological RMs, as was also pointed out earlier (Dyb-czynski 1980 1995), and also provides the bulk of the hterature data on NIST SRMs (Gladney et al. 1987,1993). NAA also has a similar position in the field of geological RMs (Roelandts 1991). It possesses unique quality assurance and self-verification aspects (Becker 1993 Byrne 1993 Byrne and Kucera 1997), though these in-built features are rarely exploited in fuU at present. It should be reahzed that the advanta-... 

From NIST in the USA similar air filters spiked from solutions are also available for a number of elements. Although the element content of these filters is less representative for actual exposure levels in industrial settings, these samples are also of primary interest in the documentation of measurement uncertainties see also Table 6.2. 

Ihnat M (1998b) Plant and related reference materials for data quality control of elemental content. In Kalra YP (ed.) Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis pp 235-284. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 

Phuong TD, Chuong PV, Khiem DT, Kokot S (1999) Elemental content of Vietnamese rice. 

Matrix Components The term matrix component refers to the constituents in the material aside from those being determined, which are denoted as analyte. Clearly, what is a matrix component to one analyst may be an analyte to another. Thus, in one hand for the case of analyses for elemental content, components such as dietary fibre, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate are classified as matrix components and are used to define the nature of the material. On the other hand, reference values are required to monitor the quality of determinations of these nutritionally significant matrix components. Hence, there is a challenging immediate need for certified values for dietary fibre, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Concomitantly, these values must be accompanied by scientifically sound definitions (e.g. total soluble dietary fibre, total sulpha-ted ash, total unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, individual lipids, simple sugars, and complex carbohydrates). 

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