Sound, definition

Matrix Components The term matrix component refers to the constituents in the material aside from those being determined, which are denoted as analyte. Clearly, what is a matrix component to one analyst may be an analyte to another. Thus, in one hand for the case of analyses for elemental content, components such as dietary fibre, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate are classified as matrix components and are used to define the nature of the material. On the other hand, reference values are required to monitor the quality of determinations of these nutritionally significant matrix components. Hence, there is a challenging immediate need for certified values for dietary fibre, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Concomitantly, these values must be accompanied by scientifically sound definitions (e.g. total soluble dietary fibre, total sulpha-ted ash, total unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, individual lipids, simple sugars, and complex carbohydrates). 

Abstract In the ordinary sense the term analytical procedure means a description of what has to be done while performing an analysis without reference to quality of the measurement. A more sound definition of analytical procedure can be given in terms of measurement (quality) assurance, in which a specified procedure to be followed is explicitly associated with an established accuracy of the results produced. 

C3 is a typical example of a semi-formal modeling language Part of the information comprised in a C3 model is represented in an unambiguous way (e.g., the order of activities as it is defined by control flows), whereas another part is expressed by annotations in natural language (see Subsect. 2.1.1 for a sound definition of the terms semi-formal and formal ). 

The concept of As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) was recognized as a valuable tool in determining acceptable risk levels. However, a word of caution was offered On occasion, achieving risk levels as low as reasonably practicable will not be acceptable. Prior to presenting the following definition, I said that a workable and sound definition of acceptable risk must encompass hazards, risks, probability, severity, and economics ... 

Although calibration sounds definitely familiar and routine in spectrometric laboratories, serious uncertainty can be generated and is often underestimated. Some of these problems will be discussed in this chapter. These uncertainties may yield interlaboratory inaccuracies as high as 20% or even 100% when determining metals by atomic spectrometry, some of which can be associated with the misuse of the common regression equations. ... 

In view of the clearly nondeterministic nature of load demand and capacity, a conceptually sound definition of margin must be formulated in a probabilistic framework. A concept that has found widespread acceptance for this purpose is the definition of a HCLPF (pronoimced as hay-clipf ) capacity. It is an implicit definition if a component has a HCLPF capacity of x, then the probability of failing due to a demand of value X is low (5 %), with a high confidence (95 %). For the reasons stated in the previous section, the parameter in terms of which the HCLPF capacity is typically defined is the PGA. 

Usually the Arrhenius plot of In k vs. IIT is linear, or at any rate there is usually no sound basis for coneluding that it is not linear. This behavior is consistent with the conclusion that the activation parameters are constants, independent of temperature, over the experimental temperature range. For some reactions, however, definite curvature is detectable in Arrhenius plots. There seem to be three possible reasons for this curvature. 

If the definitions of nucleophiles and electrophiles sound similar to those given in Section 2.11 for Lewis acids and Lewis bases, that s because there is... 

Of historical interest may be the use of a half dollar coin (the lighter weight 250 not as efficient). During the early 1940s the coin tap test was used very successfully in evaluating the performances of plastics, particularly RP primary aircraft structures. With a good ear (human hearing ear) there was (and is) a definite different sound between a satisfactory and unsatisfactory RP product. The unsatisfactory product would contain voids, delaminations, defects in fiber distribution, etc. In... 

Although the term process trend emulates a certain intuitive understanding in the minds of the speaker and the listener, this understanding may not be the same. Certainly, we do not have a clear, sound, and unambiguous definition of the term trend, and this must be the first issue to be addressed. 

The term definitive method is applied to an analytical or measurement method that has a valid and well described theoretical foundation, is based on sound theoretical principles ( first principles ), and has been experimentally demonstrated to have negligible systematic errors and a high level of precision. While a technique may be conceptually definitive, a complete method based on such a technique must be properly applied and must be demonstrated to deserve such a status for each individual application. A definitive method is one in which all major significant parameters have been related by a direct chain of evidence to the base or derived SI units. The property in question is either directly measured in terms of base units of... 

The sanitary landfill, the most acceptable alternative to the present poor practices of land disposal, involves the long-term planning and application of sound engineering principles and construction techniques. By definition, no burning of solid waste will ever occur at a sanitary landfill. A sanitary landfill is not only an acceptable and economic method of solid waste disposal, it is also an excellent way to make otherwise unsuitable or marginal land valuable.1... 

It should be noted that the derivative is negative, so that at certain conditions the denominator of Eq. (15-51) can be zero, resulting in an infinite pressure gradient. This condition corresponds to the speed of sound, i.e., choked flow. For a nonflashing liquid and an ideal gas mixture, the corresponding maximum (choked) mass flux G follows directly from the definition of the speed of sound ... 

Before scientifically sound research can be performed on a subject, clear definitions must be set. Although, this may seem a logical step, Osborn (Osborn et al., 1988) highlighted that this has been a stumbling block for research in safety science since its inception. Definitions of concepts like accidents, incidents, near misses, risk, and safety, are known in the field of safety science, but interpreted differently in various situations. Unclear and ambiguous definitions lead to misinterpretations and confusion and must be avoided. Therefore, some general concepts used in safety science and the definitions used in this thesis are discussed in this Section. In the remainder of this thesis specific concepts will be defined where appropriate and can also be found in a list of acronyms and definitions presented in the beginning of this thesis. 

While sounding overly technical, we have in fact employed the zeroth law with the example of a thermometer. Let us rephrase the definition of the zeroth law and say, If mercury is in thermal equilibrium with the glass of a thermometer, and the glass of a thermometer is in thermal equilibrium with a patient, then the mercury and the patient are also in thermal equilibrium . A medic could not easily determine the temperature of a patient without this, the zeroth law. 

Some people make physical chemistry sound more confusing than it really is. One of their best tricks is to define it inaccurately, saying it is the physics of chemicals . This definition is sometimes quite good, since it suggests we look at a chemical system and ascertain how it follows the laws of nature. This is true, but it suggests that chemistry is merely a sub-branch of physics and the notoriously mathematical nature of physics impels us to avoid this otherwise useful way of looking at physical chemistry. 

It must however be pointed out that a sound experimental definition of a phase diagram can be obtained from the results of a number of concerted investigations such as thermal analysis, thermodynamic analysis, micrographic examination and phase analysis and identification by means of techniques such as X-ray diffraction measurements, microprobe analysis, etc. 

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