Coupled Separations

MODES OF THE LMCS USING COUPLED SEPARATION COLUMNS... 

At elevated temperatures, there are five possible reactions that can occur between the cell components (1) thermal decomposition of bulk electrolyte (2) chemical reduction of electrolyte by the anode (3) chemical oxidation of electrolyte by the cathode (4) thermal decomposition of the cathode and anode or (5) melting of the separator and the consequent internal short. To identify which of these contributes the decisive amount of heat that is critical in initiating the thermal runaway, it is necessary to study the thermal responses of these individual components or component couples separately. 

Solid ionic conductors can also be used in the fabrication of solid state double-layer supercapacitors. An example is the device developed in the late 1960s by Gould Ionics which adopted a cell system using a silver-carbon electrode couple separated by the highly ionically conducting solid electrolyte RbAg4I5 (see Section 9.1) ... 

These requirements are difficult to satisfy with, e.g., immunoassays. Instrumental techniques like MS/MS require sample clean-up and sometimes even an online coupled separation method. Thus separation techniques, first of all SPE, GC, and HPLC, remain indispensable tools of analysts. An expert in analytical separation can nearly always today solve the complex tasks described above. The large variety of commercial equipment and stationary phases provide him with the necessary tools in most cases. The question may arise, then, if he really needs MIP stationary phases. At this time there are many possible answers to this question and only the future will give the final answer. 

Bodor, R., Madajova, V., Kaniansky, D., Masar, M., Johnck, M., Stanislawski, B., Isotachophoresis and isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis separations of inorganic anions present in water samples on a planar chip with column-coupling separation channels and conductivity detection. J. Chromatogr. A 2001, 916(1-2), 155-165. 

Coupled Separation not required for detection PEP + ADP — pyruvate + ATP pyruvate + NADH — lactate + NAD... 

A more general interface geometry is shown in Fig. 3C. Physically this corresponds to an infinite array of M/C thin film couples separated by vacuum. A salient point is that the vacuum layers should be thick enough that adjacent M/C slabs do not interact. Interaction is possible in two ways either via electronic wavefunction overlap in the vacuum or via Coulombic multipoles. The former interaction is usually vanishing, if more than 1 10 A of vacuum is present. The latter interaction is rather long ranged, but fortunately methods have been devised to electrostatically decouple the slabs.Of course, it is required that both the metal and ceramic layers are thick enough that the interface and surfaces do not interact. 

Coupling two operations like membrane separation and a catalytic reaction or adsorption in a given process of synthesis, purification, or decontamination of effluents is intrinsically interesting from a general technical-economical point of view. Ceramic membranes are ideal solid-fluid contactors, which can be efficiently used to couple separation and heterogeneous catalysis for membrane reactor applications. ... 

FIGURE 25.14 Schematic representation of the coupled separation and photodegradation of VOCs in the treatment of wastewater using a photoactive low-ultrafiltration membrane. 

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