Electronic Characterization

V and Eox = 1.60 V. From these measurements, the ionization potential was calculated to be 5.8 eV and the electronic affinity to be 2.12 eV.23 These values are compared to the workfunctions of possible electrodes in the inset of Fig. 10.6. In a later study, the effect of depositing a metal electrode on the vacuum energy level of PFO was studied.24 

Although the optical properties of polyfluorenes are attractive, the electrical properties are, if anything, even more so. Charge carrier mobilities are a key factor in determining the performance of polymer LEDs because of the requirement of both balanced injection and transport of electrons and holes. Charge carrier mo- 

FIGURE 10.6. Cyclic voltammogram. for a PFO thin film deposited on a carbon working electrode, measured relative to a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. (From Ref. 23.) 

FIGURE 10.7. Time-of-flight current transient for a PFO film. Measurements were performed on a 3-/xm-thick film at an electric field of 160 kY/cm. (From Ref. 25.) 

FIGURE 10.8. Calculated hole mobility for PFO as a function of the applied electric field. Open circles are for an isotropic spin-coated film (data from Ref. 25) and filled circles are for an aligned, quenched PFO film. (Data from Ref. 7.) 

Some further insight may be gained by analyzing the p-orbital resolved PDOS of chemisorbed O2 onto bulk CosPt with local neighborhood 32, [Co3Ptbuik-Co7Pt2]-02. In 32, the support has nine 

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This work shows the exceptional physics that can be done with a STM operated at cryogenic temperatures and the availability of STMs working down to liquid helium temperature opens broad avenues of research in the coming years. No doubt that among the many future scientific experiments accessible with low temperature STMs, the real-space electronic characterization of the metal-superconductor transition in /c-phases of BEDT-TTF salts, because Tc > 4 K, as well as the study of magnetic ordering in MOMs, will certainly occupy a relevant position. 

Chen H, Soom B, Yaakobi B, Uchida S, Meyerhofer DD (1993) Hot-electron characterization from Ka measurements in high-contrast, p-polarized, picosecond laser-plasma interactions. Phys Rev Lett 70 3431-3434... 

Tristao, J.C., F. Magalhaes, P. Corio and M.T.C. Sansiviero (2006). Electronic characterization and photocatalytic properties of CdS/Ti02 semiconductor composite. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-Chemistry, 181(2-3), 152-157. 

In contrast to the extensive array of aqueous studies of Mn(III) complexes, studies in aprotic media are much more limited. The most substantial structural and electronic characterizations have been for the / -diketones (49, 50, 51). The second class of complexes involves picolinic... 

Mizuguchi, J. (1998a). Electronic characterization of N, A -bis(2-phenylethyl)peryl-ene-3,4 9,10-bis(dicarboximide) and its application to optical disks. J. Appl. Phys., 84, 4479-85. [264, 265Q... 

Although the quantum numbers and energies of individual electrons can be described in fairly simple terms, interactions between electrons complicate this picture. Some of these interactions were discussed in Section 2-2-3 as a result of repulsions between electrons (characterized by energy 0 ), electrons tend to occupy separate orbitals as a result of exchange energy (H ), electrons in separate orbitals tend to have parallel spins. 

This paper will describe some of the recent structural, optical and electronic characterizations of SLSs which indicate that these materials are of device quality. The preparation and properties of selected devices will also be presented. 

Ellison MK, Schulz CE, Scheldt WR (2000) Structural and electronic characterization of nitrosyi (octaethylporphinato)iron (HI) perchlorate derivatives. Inorg Chem 39 5102-5110... 

Berto TC, Hoffman MB et al (2011) Structural and electronic characterization of non-heme Fe(II)-nitrosyls as biomimetic models of the Feb center of bacterial nitric oxide reductase. J Am Chem Soc 133 16714-16717... 

Shiro Y, Makino R et al (1991) Structural and electronic characterization of heme moiety in oxygenated hemoproteins by using XANES spectroscopy. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Gen Subj 1115 101-107... 

Figure 5 shows a typical energy spectrum of electrons characterized by the interference of direct and autoionization processes. In a more explicit... 

Ohsaki Y, Masaki N, Kitamura T, Wada Y, Okamoto T, Sekino T, Niihara K, Yanagida S (2005) Dye-sensitized Ti02 nanotube solar cells fabrication and electronic characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 7(24) 4157-63... 

A free radical has an unpaired electron characterized by a spin vector S. The magnetic moment of the electron is proportional to the spin angular momentum hS, i.e.. 

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