Solar cells fabrication

Figure 6.31. Light I-V characteristics of solar cells fabricated with AACVD-deposited CuInS2 films.

TABLE 6.5. AMO Output Characteristics of Solar Cells Fabricated With AACVD-Deposited CuInS2 Films... 

Krebs FC, Tromholt T, Jorgensen M (2010) Upscaling of polymer solar cell fabrication using full roll-to-roll processing. Nanoscale 2 873... 

In addition to the complexation in solutions, pyridine-appended fulleropyrro-lidines can also form coordination complexes with zinc(II) phthalocyanines in solid-state thin films. Troshin et al. have investigated the photovoltaic behavior of bilayer solar cells fabricated by deposition of solution-processed fulleropy-rrolidines 36-40, which contain chelating pyridyl groups, on vacuum-evaporated films of unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) [46], The UV-Vis spectra of these films resemble the spectrum of ZnPc recorded in pyridine, showing a sharp... 

To summarize this section, we can say that the measurements made by us and by many other groups appear to be inconsistent with general physical concepts. Though this behavior has been observed in solar cells fabricated with different organic materials and with different structures, the polymer scientists have not discussed reasons for this behavior. 

Badawy, W. A. (1997). Preparation, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and solid-state characteristics of indium-incorporated Ti02 thin films for solar cell fabrication. J. Mater. Sci. 32(18), 4979 1984. 

K. Zweibel. The terawatt challenge for thin film PV, in Thin Film Solar Cells Fabrication, Characterization and Applications, Jef Poortmans and Vladimir Archipov, eds.,... 

Nanostructured silicon built-in an anodic alumina is evident to be a promising material for photovoltaic applications. In view of cheap materials and low cost equipment the investigated films could be used for solar cell fabrication on large area substrates. Thus the fabrication of new nanostructures based on silicon clusters built-in an anodic alumina opens new possibilities for nanotechnology in electronics and photonics. 

Fig. 7.6. Typical solar cell fabrication sequences used for lab-type processing (left) and industrial-type processing (right)...

Keeping abrupt profiles of dopants is also required to apply the FLA technique to solar cell fabrication process. Figure 11.8 shows secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiles of Cr and P atoms in the bottom layers and of B in the surface doping layer of p-i-n Si stacked films before and after FLA, the structure of which is also schematically shown [34]. The abrupt profiles of the surface B atoms as well as of the bottom Cr and P atoms are maintained after FLA, which results from millisecond-order rapid annealing, and shows the possibility of immediate formation of p-i—n poly-Si structure with only one irradiation of flash lamp for p-i-n stacked a-Si layers. 

Beyond the fabrication of a patterned substrate there remains the need to prepare conformal and void-fdling layers on these substrates. Recently, several solution and gas-phase techniques have been developed which allow conformal or void-filling deposition in very deep and narrow structures, and we will next outline how these techniques can be adapted for solar cell fabrication. 

Park. B. Han M. (2009). Photovoltaic characteristics of polymer solar cells fabricated by pre-metered coating process. Optics Express, vol. 17, no. 16,13830-13840. 

J. He, R. Mosurkal, L. Samuelson, L. Li, J. Kumar, Dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated by electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of amphoteric Ti02 nanoparticles , Langmuir, 19(6), 2169-2174, (2003). 

Another interesting example of the application of EQE spectroscopy is its use to follow type conversion in CdS [CdTe heterojunction solar cells fabricated by electrodeposition (see Section 1.2). The method was used originally by Basol on completed solid-state CdSjCdTe cells [143] and later extended by others to characterize partially completed structures using electrolyte contacts [144—147]. The location of the photoactive regions is probed by comparing the EQE spectra for substrate side (SS) and electrolyte side (ES) illumination of the samples as illustrated schematically in Figure 1.32. 

Rao, A.R. and Dutta, V. (2008) Achievement of 4.7% conversion efficiency in ZnO dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated by spray deposition using hydrothermally synthesized nanopartides. Nanotechnology, 19, 445712. 

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