Polyfluorene electronic characterization

J. Cornil, I. Gueli, A. Dkhissi, J.C. Sancho-Garcia, E. Hennebicq, J.P. Calbert, V. Lemaur, D. Beljonne, and J.L. Bredas, Electronic and optical properties of polyfluorene and fluorene-based copolymers a quantum-chemical characterization, J. Chem. Phys., 118 6615-6623, 2003. 

Q. Peng, Z.-Y. Lu, Y. Huang, M.-G. Xie, S.-H. Han, J.-B. Peng, and Y. Cao, Synthesis and characterization of new red-emitting polyfluorene derivatives containing electron-deficient 2-pyran-4-ylidene-malononitrile moieties, Macromolecules, 37 260-266, 2004. 

Polyfluorene is one of the most attractive conjugated polymers for application in light-emitting devices [36-38], It is characterized by low electron affinity and, in consequence, several authors have inserted electron-deficient moieties into the aromatic chain to modify the position of the frontier orbital and increase the electron affinity in order to achieve a better balanced hole and electron injection in electroluminescent diodes. Among the electron-deficient groups, thienyl-5,5-dioxide and dibenzothienyl-5,5-dioxide have also been employed [16-18, 20-25, 27, 28],... 

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