Scanning electronic microscopy characterization

Brostow, W, Gorman, B. P., and Olea-Mejia O. (2007). Focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy characterization of polymer+metal hybrids. Materials Letters 61(6), 1333-1336. 

Figures.19 Scanning electron microscopy characterization of polystyrene microfibers produced from an extruded and oriented blend with PVOH followed by PVOH extraction in water (reproduced from Robeson, L. M., Axelrod, R. J.,Vratsanos, M. S. and Kittek,M. R., J.App/.Po/ym.Sc . (1994) 52, p. 1837, with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Particle Size. Wet sieve analyses are commonly used in the 20 )J.m (using microsieves) to 150 )J.m size range. Sizes in the 1—10 )J.m range are analyzed by light-transmission Hquid-phase sedimentation, laser beam diffraction, or potentiometric variation methods. Electron microscopy is the only rehable procedure for characterizing submicrometer particles. Scanning electron microscopy is useful for characterizing particle shape, and the relation of particle shape to slurry stabiUty. 

Reactive compatibilization of engineering thermoplastic PET with PP through functionalization has been reported by Xanthos et al. [57]. Acrylic acid modified PP was used for compatibilization. Additives such as magnesium acetate and p-toluene sulfonic acid were evaluated as the catalyst for the potential interchange or esterification reaction that could occur in the melt. The blend characterization through scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and... 

This is a nonpolar rubber with very little unsamration. Nanoclays as well as nanotubes have been used to prepare nanocomposites of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. The work mostly covers the preparation and characterization of these nanocomposites. Different processing conditions, morphology, and mechanical properties have been smdied [61-64]. Acharya et al. [61] have prepared and characterized the EPDM-based organo-nanoclay composites by X-ray diffracto-gram (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy... 

In this paper, TiCU was oxidized in the flow reactor at various temperature and gas flow rate. The wall scales were characterized by scan electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effects of reactor wall surface state, radial growth of scale layer and reactor axial temperature distribution on scaling formation were discussed. At the same time, the mechanism of scaling on the reactor wall was explored furthermore. 

In this study, we report on the GaN nanorod growth by HOMVPE technique with or without using a new precursor, tris(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)gallium(III) (Ga(mDTC)3). The structural and optical properties of GaN nanorods were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). 

The feasibility of synthesizing oxovanadium phthalocyanine (VOPc) from vanadium oxide, dicyanobenzene, and ethylene ycol using the microwave synthesis was investigated by comparing reaction temperatures under the microwave irradiations with the same factors of conventional synthesis. The efficiency of microwave synthesis over the conventional synthesis was illustrated by the yield of crude VOPc. Polymorph of VOPc was obtained ttough the acid-treatment and recrystallization step. The VOPos synthesized in various conditions were characterized hy the means of an X-ray dif actometry (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a transmission electron Microscopy (TEM). 

The films were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photoelectron spectroscopy utilized a Vacuum Generators ESCA Lab II system with Mg(Ka) radiation. Binding energies (BE) were measured with respect to the surface C(ls) peak (284.5 eV) which was always present In these films. Scanning electron microscopy was done with a JEOL JSM-35C system. 

Side stream sampling devices can be used to collect biofilm and corrosion samples. The biofilm, inorganic passive layers, and metal attacked samples can be characterized with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive... 

The samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy [2] and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). 

MCM-41 samples have been characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (X Pert Philips, CuKa radiation), nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K (Quantachrome Autosorbl) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (Assing FESEM Supra 25) before soaking in SBF and after different immersion times. 

Scanning electron microscopy is commonly used to study the particle morphology of pharmaceutical materials. Its use is somewhat limited because the information obtained is visual and descriptive, but usually not quantitative. When the scanning electron microscope is used in conjunction with other techniques, however, it becomes a powerful characterization tool for pharmaceutical materials. 

These are a few of the many examples of the uses of scanning electron microscopy. The use of this technique with other physical characterization methods results in a powerful pharmaceutical tool. 

Following early ETEM investigations using environmental cells, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) has been developed for characterization of surface effects of bulk SEM samples in the presence of gaseous or wet environments (111-114). The method has been applied to the examination of food, wool fibers (111), and polymers (112) and in the conservation of cultural properties (113). Recently, fuel cell catalysts have been characterized using a low-voltage ESEM with a resolution capability of 2 nm (114). 

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