Effects on Sexual Behavior

Anabolic steroids, antidepressants and drugs of abuse affect libido, potency, and ejaculatory function. Anabolic steroids are derivatives of testosterone, and have strong genitotropic effects. There is published evidence indicating that anabolic steroids increases sexual desire however, the frequency of erectile dysfunction is also increased. Treatment with the antidepressant fluoxetine has been associated with sexual side effects including delayed or nonexistent ejaculation and hyposexuality. Mice treated in utero with the anideukemic agent 5-aza-2/-deoxycytidine exhibit abnormal reproductive behavior and low reproductive capacity. 

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Kelche C. and Aron C. (1984). Olfactory cues and accessory olfactory bulb lesion effect on sexual behavior in the cyclic female rat. Physiol Behav 33, 45-48. 

Because most standard animal reproduction studies do not observe mating, they do not contain evaluations of an agent s effect on sexual behavior. If a study does report observations of mating, the failure of female rodents to assume a lordotic position and to accept mounting is evidence of abnormal sexual behavior. Additional signs include running from or fighting with the male (Uphouse and Williams 1989 Uphouse 1985). 

Alcohol s effects on sexual behavior are similarly complex. It is necessary to know the physiological basis of alcohol s effect on sexual function, as well as situational and psychological factors, in order to explain its effects on sexual behavior. 

Booth, W.D., and D.A. Baldwin Lack of Effect on Sexual Behavior on the Development of Testicular Function after Removal of Olfactory Bulbs in Prepubertal Boar. J. Reprod. Fert. 58, 173-182 (1980). 

Amphetamine may engender a dose-dependent biphasic effect on aggressive behavior in experimental situations, both with human and animal subjects, as, for example, in subjects that have habituated to an aggression-provoking stimulus. Most often, however, amphetamines disrupt social, sexual, maternal, and aggressive behavior patterns in a dose-dependent manner ... 

Progesterone produces direct membrane effects [16]. These include actions that promote maturation of spermatozoa as well as oocytes and facilitation of the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) (Fig. 52-7). Membrane actions of progesterone also activate oxytocin receptors in the hypothalamus in a way that enables oxytocin to turn on sexual behavior in the estrogen-primed female rat [3],... 

Keller, M., Douhard, Q., Baum, M.J. and Bakker, J. (2006b) Sexual experience does not modulate the detrimental effects of zinc sulfate-lesioning of the main olfactory epithelium on sexual behavior in male mice. Chem. Senses 31,8, 753-762. 

Bagatell, C. J., Heiman, J. R., Rivier, J. E., and Bremner, W. J. 1994. Effects of endogenous testosterone and estradiol on sexual behavior in normal young men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 78 711-718. 

Coopersmith, C. B. and Banks, E. M. (1983). Effects of olfactory cues on sexual behavior in the brown lemming, Lemmus trimucmnatus. Journal of Comparative Psychology 97,120-126. 

Sexual receptivity. The effects of THC on sexual behavior in female rats and its influence on steroid hormone receptors and neurotransmitters in the facilitation of sexual receptivity was examined. Results revealed that the facilitatory effect of THC was inhibited by antagonists to both progesterone and dopamine D(l) receptors. To test further the idea that progesterone receptors (PR) and/or dopamine receptors (D[1]R) in the hypothalamus were required for THC-facilitated sexual behavior in rodents, antisense, and sense oligonucleotides to PR and D(1)R were administered intra-cerebroventricularly into the third cerebral ventricle of ovariectomized, estradiol benzoate-primed rats. Progesterone- and THC-facilitated sexual behavior was inhibited in animals treated with antisense oligonucleotides to PR or to D(1)R. Antagonists to... 

Feng P, Ma Y, Vogel GW. The critical window of brain development from susceptive to insusceptive effects of clomipramine neonatal treatment on sexual behavior. Dev Brain Res 2001 129 107-110. 

Reports of the effects of amfetamine on sexual behavior refer variously to unchanged, reduced, mixed, and heightened sexual performance, but long-term abusers often have sexual dysfunction (SED-9, 9). 

The folklore about the acute effects of alcohol on sexual behavior in women is that it promotes promiscuity. For example, Chaucer wrote in The Wife of Bath s Talc in his Canterbury Taler. After wine, I think mostly of venue for just as it s true that cold engenders hail a liquor mouth must have a liquorous tail. Women have no defense against wine as lechers know from experience. ... 

Van Son TC, Thiel M (2007) Anthropogenic stressors and their effects on the behavior of aquatic crustaceans. In Duffy JE, Thiel M (eds) Evolutionary ecology of social and sexual systems Crustaceans as model organisms. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 413-441... 

Data distribution was examined by One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smimov test, and transformed by square root to fit the normal distribution (Sokal and Rohlf, 1995). The behavioral comparisons between the control and experiment were analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank test, and comparisons between sexual experience and odor effects on pandas behavioral responsiveness were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Finally, the mating duration of familiar mates and strange mates were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Significance level was 0.05. 

Moore, F.L., McCormack, C. and Swanson, L. 1979. Induced ovulation effects of sexual behavior and insemination on ovulation and progesterone levels in Taricha granulosa. Gen. and Comp. Endocrinol., 39, 262—269. Noble, G.K. 1937. The sense organs involved in the courtship of Storeria, Thamnophis, and other snakes. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 73, 61 A—125. 

Baum, M.J., Brown, J.J., Kica, E., Rubin, B.S., Johnson, R.S. Papaioannou, V.E. 1994. Effect of a null mutation of the c-fos proto-oncogene on sexual behavior of male mice. Biol. Reprod., 50, 1040-1048. 

Whittier, J. M., Mason, R. T., and Crews, D., 1985, Sexual selection and the effects of mating on sexual behavior in the red-sided garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.,... 

A.7.1.2 Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility means any effect of chemicals that interferes with reproductive ability or sexual capacity. This includes, but is not limited to, alterations to the female and male reproductive system, adverse effects on onset of puberty, gamete production and transport, reproductive cycle normality, I sexual behavior, fertility, parturition, pregnancy outcomes, premature reproductive senescence, or modifications in other functions that are dependent on the integrity of the reproductive systems. 

Reproductive Toxicity—The occurrence of adverse effects on the reproductive system that may result from exposure to a chemical. The toxicity may be directed to the reproductive organs and/or the related endocrine system. The manifestation of such toxicity may be noted as alterations in sexual behavior, fertility, pregnancy outcomes, or modifications in other functions that are dependent on the integrity of this system. 

Nelson JL, Zenick H. 1986. The effect of trichloroethylene on male sexual behavior Possible opioid role. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 8 441-445. 

FLYNN K M, FERGUSON s A, DELCLOS K B, NEWBOLD R R (2000) Effects of genistein exposure on sexually diamorphic behaviors in rats. Toxicol Sci. 55 311-19. 

The most consistent and potent antagonism of amphetamine effects on increased motor activity and stereotyped movements is obtained with antagonists at dopamine receptors of the D2 subtype (Creese et al. 1982). This is not the case with amphetamine s disruptive effects on social and aggressive behavior. So far, no antagonists have been identified that reverse amphetamine s disruption of sexual, play, maternal, or aggressive behavior. 

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