Amphetamine effects

Sequences of aggressive behavior that are composed of characteristic acts and postures following each other rapidly are disrupted. These disorganizing effects parallel the analysis of amphetamine effects on other intricately patterned behaviors such as feeding, maternal care, play behavior, or reproductive interactions. For example, amphetamine suppresses play... 

Amphetamine effects on aggression are markedly modulated by opiates and opioid peptides. Withdrawal from prolonged exposure to opiates may lead to increased defensive and aggressive responses in mice and rats and increased hostility in humans (Lai et al. 1971 Gossop and Roy 1976 ... 

ANTAGONISM OF AMPHETAMINE EFFECTS ON SOCIAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR... 

The most consistent and potent antagonism of amphetamine effects on increased motor activity and stereotyped movements is obtained with antagonists at dopamine receptors of the D2 subtype (Creese et al. 1982). This is not the case with amphetamine s disruptive effects on social and aggressive behavior. So far, no antagonists have been identified that reverse amphetamine s disruption of sexual, play, maternal, or aggressive behavior. 

Beatty, W.W. Costello, K.B. and Berry, S.L. Suppression of play fighting by amphetamine Effects of catecholamine antagonists, agonists and synthesis inhibitors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 20 747-755, 1984. 

Miczek, K.A. Differential antagonism of (f-amphetamine effects on motor activity and agonistic behavior in mice. Soc Neurosci Abstr 7 343, 1981a. 

Kalix P. (1988). Khat a plant with amphetamine effects. J Subst Abuse Treat. 5(3) 163-69. 

Alderson HL, Faulconbridge LF, Gregory LP, Latimer MP, Winn P (2003) Behavioural sensitisation to repeated d-amphetamine effects of excitotoxic lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Neuroscience 118 311-315... 

In an examination of the effects of low doses of ondansetron on acquisition of responding for a conditioned reward and on the response-potentiating effect of amphetamine in the rat, ondansetron had no effect on the learning of stimulus reward relationships but caused a small attenuation of the amphetamine effect, suggesting a possible modulatory role for 5-HTj receptors in this process (P. J. Fletcher and Higgins 1997]. 

Servan-S chreiber, D. et al., Dopamine and the mechanisms of cogni tion Par t II. D-amphetamine effects in human subjects performing a selective attention task, Biol. Psychiatry, 43, 723, 1998. 

Penetar DM, Sing H, Thome D, Thomas M, Fertig J, Schelling A, Sealock J, Newhouse PA, Belenky G. Amphetamine effects on recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation. Hum Psychopharmacol 1991 6 319-323. 

Sciden JS, Sabol KT, Ricaurte GA. Amphetamine effects on catecholamine systems and behavior. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1993 32 639-677. 

Lyon M, Robbins TW (1975) The action of central nervous system stimulant drugs a general theory concerning amphetamine effects. In Essman W, Valzelli L (Eds), Current Developments in Psychopharmacology, pp. 79-163. Spectum, New York. 

Schildein S, Agmo A, Huston JP, Schwarting RK (1998) Intraaccumbens injections of substance P, morphine and amphetamine effects on conditioned place preference and behavioral activity. Brain Res 790 185-194. 

The effects of cocaine and the amphetamines are virtually identical except that cocaine is metabolized rapidly and thus has a short duration of action (20-80 minutes), whereas amphetamine effects are more prolonged (4-12 hours). 

Amphetamine effects are very similar to cocaine effects. 

F Amphetamine effects last from 6 to 12 hours, whereas cocaine is a relatively short-acting drug. 

Interesting central anti-amphetamine effects are described for tyros ie hydroxylase inhibitors such as a-methyl-tyrosine. Since norepinephrine depletors do not antagonize amphetamine and tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors have little direct sedative effect, it is suggested that small but critical levels of norepinephrine at receptors are necessary for amphetamine to exert both its stimulant and anorexigenic effects. Whether this applies to other anorectic drugs remains to be determined. 

AngristB, Gershon S, Variable attenuation of amphetamine effects by Am JPsychiatry ( 919) 136, 806-10,... 

Jonsson L-E. Pharmacological blockade of amphetamine effects in amphetamine dependent subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol (1912) 4, 206-11,... 

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