Ovulation induced

Also known as estrogen antagonists or ovulation inducing agents. They act by binding to estrogen receptors. 

THE OVARY (ESTROGENS, PROGESTINS, OTHER OVARIAN HORMONES, ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, INHIBITORS ANTAGONISTS, OVULATION-INDUCING AGENTS)... 

Clomiphene is an older partial agonist, a weak estrogen that also acts as a competitive inhibitor of endogenous estrogens (Figure 40-5). It has found use as an ovulation-inducing agent (see below). 

There is a risk of ovarian hyperstimulation when an ovulation-inducing drug is followed by rapid ovarian enlargement with peritoneal effusion. The incidence of these complications varies with the product and dosage schedule used in experienced hands, the frequency of complications may be no more than about 4%. 

The Ovary (Estrogens, Progestins, Other Ovarian Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, Inhibitors Antagonists, Ovulation-Inducing Agents)... 

Peptide delivery It has also been reported that a polycarbophil hydrogel formulation increased the vaginal membrane permeability of GnRH, in comparison to a solution, in rats. Co-administration of the GnRH loaded gel with various enzyme inhibitors (EDTA, sodium taurodihydrofusidate and sodium laurate) resulted in ovulation-inducing activity comparable with that of a sc injection. 

The adverse effects of epimestrol (3-methoxy-17-epie-striol), a very weak estrogen with some ovulation-inducing effects, are largely as one would expect. In one series, hot flushes, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting were reported in 1.5%, headache in 3%, and uterine bleeding in 38% (2). Ovarian hyperstimulation is rare but not unknown. As is usual with such treatment, the incidence of the adverse effects reported varies greatly, no doubt... 

OVULATION-INDUCING AGENTS are used in women as part of fertility treatment. Depending on the cause, there are four main treatments. 

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is one of the gonadotrophin hormones (with FSH), secreted by the anterior pituitary and consists of double peptide chains. It causes the monthly ripening in one ovary of a follicle and stimulates ovulation. In men it facilitates the production of sperm in the testes (hence its alternative name, interstitial cell stimulating hormone, ICSH). It is used therapeutically with FSH in female infertility treatment. It is available, in combination with FSH, in human menopausal gonadotrophin. See OVULATION-INDUCING AGENTS,... 

Ota et al. (07) demonstrated that effects such as ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the mouse and the decrease in ovarian ascorbic acid levels caused by LH (P7) could be inhibited... 

The most effective means of preventing ovulation is by the oral administration of ovulation-inducing gonadal steroid derivatives at dosages that will prevent cyclic changes in LH and FSH secretion. This method has proven to be more than 99% effective over the past 40 years and is currently used by more than 50 million women worldwide. The treatment protocol is of four different types, all of which involve the use of synthetic steroid... 

THE TREND OF ANDROGEN METABOLITES AFTER OVULATION INDUCED BY FSH AND LH FRACTIONS OR BY HCG ALONE... 

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