Durum

G. Fabriani and C. Lintas, eds.. Durum Wheat, Chemisty and Technology, American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minn., 1988. 

On ornamental plants CCC is appHed to a2aleas, geraniums, and hibiscus (Hibiscus sp] to make compact plants, and to poinsettias to reduce stem height and increase the red color of the bracts. A considerable amount of work has been carried out on cereals with CCC to reduce stem length and inhibit lodging. In Europe, the effect of CCC on shortening the culms of cereals is dependent upon the genotype. It has been demonstrated that the effect is as follows wheat > triticale > durum wheat > rye > oats > barley > corn = millet = rice (37). In barley, culms are initially inhibited but later the plant overcomes the inhibition (37). This has been attributed to poor assimilation, translocation, and rapid breakdown in wheat (38). 

Temickeltmg,/. hard nickel plating, -wachs, n. hard wax. -waren, /.pi. hardware, -weizen, m. hard wheat, durum wheat, -werden, n. hardening, -zerkleinerung, /. crushing of hard material, -zinn, n. (hard) pewter. 

Clarke, J.M. Townley-Smith, T.F. (1986). Heritability and relationship to yield of excised leaf water retention in durum wheat. Crop Science, 26, 289-92. 

Morgan, J.M., Hare, R.A. Fletcher, R.J. (1986). Genetic variation in osmoregulation in bread and durum wheats and its relationship to grain yield in a range of field environments. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 37, 449-57. 

Fratianni, A. et al.. Estimation of color of durum wheat comparison of WSB, HPLC and reflectance colorimeter measurements, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2373, 2005. Papadakis, S. E. et al., A versatile and inexpensive technique for measuring color of... 

G. Cieslinski, K. C. J. Van Rees, A. M. Szmigielska, G. S. R. Krishnamurti, and P. M. Huang. Low-molecular-weight organic acids in rhizosphere soils of durum wheat and their effect on cadmium bioaccumulation. Plant Soil 203 109 (1998). 

Cakmak, N. Sari, H, Marschner, and H. Ekiz, Phytosiderophore relea.se in bread and durum wheat genotypes differing in zinc efficiency. Plant Soil ISO 183 (1996). 

Jiao Y., Bailey L.D., Grant C.A. Effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer on cadmium uptake and distribution in flax and durum wheat. J Sci Food Agri 2004 84 777-785. 

Mitchell L.G., Grant C.A., Racz G.J. Effect of nitrogen application on concentration of cadmium and nutrient ions in soil solution and in durum wheat. Can J Soil Sci 2000 80 107-115. 

Unprocessed cereals other than durum wheat, oats and maize Unprocessed cereals other than maize 1250 100... 

Cereal grains ready to eat and processed cereal products except durum wheat products, bread, cookies and fine pastries 500 50... 

Spring wheat, durum and barley show different susceptibilities to ergot. 

The proteins that are of most interest in baking are the proteins from wheat. The wheat that is normally used is Triticum aestivum not Triticum durum which is used to make pasta. The distinguishing property of wheat proteins is that some of them can develop into the viscoelastic mass known as gluten. The only other grain that has... 

Duriron, corrosion resistance of, 23 785 Durran s method, 10 387 Durum wheat, 26 278 milling of, 26 282 Dust(s), 3 697... 

This work was supported in part by the National Research Council of Canada. We are also grateful to Dr. Phillip Rueffel, Technical Manager, Saskatchewan Minerals Company, for supplies of microbial bloom from Durum Lake. 

The biochemistry and taxonomy of cereals is relevant to their potential differential toxicity. The proteins in the cereal grains known as "gluten activate celiac disease. Gluten is a complex mixture of hundreds of related but distinct proteins. The grains considered capable of producing adverse effects in individuals with celiac disease include different species of wheat (e.g., durum, spelt, kamut), barley, rye, and their cross-bred hybrids (e.g., triticale, which is a cross between wheat and rye) (Ciclitira et ah, 2005 Cornell et ah, 2002 Dewar et ah, 2006 Howdle, 2006 Koning, 2008 Lester, 2008 Moron et ah, 2008 Thompson, 2000, 2001 Troncone et al., 2008a Vader et ah, 2003 Wieser and Koehler, 2008). 

Pinson-Gadais, L., Barreau, C., Chaurand, M., Gregoire, S., Monmarson, M., and Richrad-Forget, F. (2007). Distribution of toxigenic Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin production in milling fractions of durum wheat. Food Addit. Contam. 24, 53-62. 

Williams, K. J., Dennis, J. L, Smyl, C., and WaUwork, H. (2002). The application of species-specific assays based on the polymerase chain reaction to analyse Fusarium crown rot of durum wheat. Australas. Plant Pathol. 31,119-127. 

Most of the applications of HPLC for protein analysis deal with the storage proteins in cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, barley) and beans (pea, soybeans). HPLC has proved useful for cultivar identihcation, protein separation, and characterization to detect adulterations (illegal addition of common wheat flour to durum wheat flour) [107]. Recently Losso et al. [146] have reported a rapid method for rice prolamin separation by perfusion chromatography on a RP POROS RH/2 column (UV detection at 230nm), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and molecular size determination by MALDl-MS. DuPont et al. [147] used a combination of RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE to determine the composition of wheat flour proteins previously fractionated by sequential extraction. 

Bromophenol dye The first dye used for protein visualization was an organic dye solution developed by Durum in 1950. Durum used bromophenol dye for staining on filter paper. 

Oppenheim JJ, Kovacs EJ, Matsushima K, Durum SK. There is more than one interleukin 1. Immunol Today 1986 7 45-56. 

Durum KS, Oppenheim JJ, Neta R. hnmunophysiologic role of interleukin-1. In Oppenheim JJ, Shevach EM, eds. Immunophysiology. New York Oxford University Press, 1990 210-225. 

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