Mycotoxins production

In Thailand, the most important fungi with the potential to produce ochratoxin A were reported to be Aspergillus westerdijkiae for the Northern Arabica coffee and A. carbonarius for Southern Robusta coffee (Schillinger et al., 2010). A high moisture content ( 20%) represents a particular risk for the growth of OTA-producing 

(2010). Brazilian Coffee Industry Association s. Available from http //www.abic.com.br/ pubUque/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm l=home. http //www.abic.com.br. Accessed 02.10.11. 

(1966). Role of pectinolytic yeasts in the degradation mucilage layer of coffea robusta cherries. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 14, 256-260. 

Avallone, S., Brillouet, J. M., Guyot, B., Olguin, E., Guiraud, J. P. (2002). Involvement of pectinolytic microorganisms is coffee fermentation. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 37,191-198. 

---

The main concern regarding the utilization of Monascus pigments relates to the production of the citrinin mycotoxin in Monascus cultures. Several methods for controlling the mycotoxin production were proposed, including selection of non-toxinogenic strains, control of citrinin biosynthesis, and modifications of culture conditions. Despite their wide and traditional food applications in Asian countries, Monascus pigments have not been approved for use in the United States or European Union. 

Although there is no close correlation of crop infection and mycotoxin production, all efforts to reduce mycotoxin contamination of cereal grains start with agronomic factors that can be controlled to minimize crop infection. 

Frisvad J C and Samson R A (1991), Filamentous fungi in foods and feeds ecology, spoilage, and mycotoxin production , in Arora D K, Mukerji K G and Marth E H, Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol. 3, Food and Feeds,. Marcel Dekker, New York, 31-68. 

Frisvad J C and Thrane U (2000), Mycotoxin production by common filamentous fungi , in Samson R A, Hoekstra E S, Frisvad J C and Filtenborg O, Introduction to Food-and Airborne Fungi, Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, 321-332. 

Magan N, Hope R, Colleate A and Baxter E S (2002), Relationship between growth and mycotoxin production by Fusarium species, biocides and environment , Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 108, 685-690. 

Obst A, Lepschy J and Beck R (1997), On the etiology of fusarium head blight of wheat in south Germany - preceding crops, weather conditions for inoculum production and head infection, proneness of the crop to infection and mycotoxin production , Cereal Res. Commun., 25, 699-703. 

Overy DP and Frisvad JC. 2005. Mycotoxin production and postharvest storage rot of ginger (Zingiber officinale) by Penicillium brevicompactum. J Food Prot 68 607-609. 

R. Nagarajan, in Mycotoxins Production, Isolation, Separation and Purification, ed. V. Betina (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984) pp. 351-385. 

Hicks, J.K. et al., Aspergillus spomlation and mycotoxin production both require inactivation of the FadA G protein-dependent signaling pathway, EM BO J., 16, 4916, 1997. 

Frisvad, J. C., and Filtenborg, O. (1989). Terverticillate penicillia Chemotaxonomy and mycotoxin production. Mycologia 81, 837-861. 

Frisvad, J. C., and Thrane, U. (2004). Mycotoxin production by common filamentous fungi. In "Introduction to Food- and Airborne Fungi." (R. A. Samson, E. S. Hoekstra, and J. C. Frisvad, eds), pp. 321-330. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht. 

Pinson-Gadais, L., Barreau, C., Chaurand, M., Gregoire, S., Monmarson, M., and Richrad-Forget, F. (2007). Distribution of toxigenic Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin production in milling fractions of durum wheat. Food Addit. Contam. 24, 53-62. 

Felix D Mello. J.P., MacDonald, A.M.C., Postel, D., Dijksrna, W.T.P., Dujardin, A. and Placinta, C.M. 1998. Pesticide use and mycotoxin production in Fusarium and Aspergillus phytopathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology 104 741-751. 

JC Frisvad, O Filtenborg. Terverticillate penicillia chemotaxonomy and mycotoxin production. My-cologia 81 837-861, 1989. 

PS Steyn. Ochratoxins and related dihydro-iso-coumarins. In V Betina, ed. Mycotoxins Production, Isolation, Separation, and Purification. New York Elsevier Science, 1984, pp 183-216. 

Marth, E.H. (1992) Mycotoxins production and control. Food Laboratory News 8, 34-51. 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH AND MYCOTOXIN PRODUCTION BY DIFFERENT TOXIGENIC MOLDS"... 

---