Drug metabolism identification

Engel G, Hofmann U, Heidemann H, Cosine J, Eichelbaum M. Antipyrine as a probe for human oxidative drug metabolism Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing 4-hydroxyantipyrine, 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine, and norantipyrine formation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996 59 613-23. 

Kirkman, S.K., Zhang, M.-Y., Horwatt, P.M. and Scatina, J. (1998) Isolation and identification of bromfenac glucoside from rat bile. Drug Metabolism and Disposition The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 26, 720-723. 

Kantharaj, E., Tuytelaars, A., Proost, P., Ongel, Z., Assouw, H.P. and Gilissen, R. A. (2003) Simultaneous measurement of drug metabolic stability and identification of metabolities using ion-trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 17, 2661-2668. 

The literature contains numerous references to the use of MS/MS in the determination of new neuropeptides in identified cells of invertebrates (Bulau et al., 2004, for a recent example) and this technique is now being applied to in situ analysis of vertebrate tissues (Fournier et al., 2003). MS/MS is also used for studies of neuropeptide processing (Nilsson et al., 2001), pharmacokinetics of synthetic peptides (Mock et al., 2002), nonpeptide drug metabolism (Kamel et al., 2003), identification of peptides purified by immunoaffinity (Suresh Babu et al., 2004), and MALDI/MS/MS techniques adaptable to brain dialysis (Bogan and Agnes, 2004). 

Rourick, R. A., Jenkins, K. M., Walsh, J., Xu, R., Cai, Z. and Kassel, D. B., Integration of Custom LC/MS Automated Data Processing Strategies for the Rapid Assessment of Metabolic Stability and Metabolic Identification in Drug Discovery, American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2002 Conference Abstract, Orlando, FL, USA, 2002. 

Hopfgartner, G. Zell, M. Q trap MS a new tool for metabolite identification, in Using Mass Spectrometry for Drug Metabolism Studies, ed. Korf-macher, W. A., CRC Press, 2004. 

Ma, S., Chowdhury, S.K. and Alton, K.B. (2006) Application of Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Identification. Current Drug Metabolism, 7, 503-523. 

Ma SG, Chowdhury SK, Alton KB. Application of mass spectrometry for metabolite identification. Current Drug Metabolism 7, 503-523, 2006. 

Drug metabolism studies including identification of bioactive metabolites and blocking of metabolic inactivation. 

Virtually all drug analyses require both identification and quantitation. In this regard, GC offers major advantages as well as some noteworthy disadvantages. The high sensitivity of GC is an important factor, particularly in drug metabolism or toxicity studies, where only trace quantities of drug are available. 

Jindal, S. P., and Lutz, T. (1986). Ion cluster techniques in drug metabolism Use of a mixture of labeled and unlabeled cocaine to facilitate metabolite identification. J. Anal. Toxicol. 10 150-155. 

Nassar, A. E., and Lee, D. Y. (2007a). Novel approach to performing metabolite identification in drug metabolism. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 45 113-119. 

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