Disease theory

Bierman, E. L. and Shank, R. E. 1975. Editorial Homogenized milk and coronary artery disease Theory, not fact. JAMA 234, 630-631. 

In sharp contrast to the genetic/disease theory, Szasz, Laing, and the existential analysts stress the familial/social origins of schizophrenia, and its existential significance. Unlike physical illness, Szasz (1961) considers "mental illness" a culturally relative myth that subtly strips the "patient" of personal responsibility and basic human rights. He also em-... 

C.L. Wilson and M.E. Wisniewski, Biocontrol of Postharvest Diseases, Theory and Practice, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. 

Germ theory of disease Theory that irticro-organisms (germs) can invade other organisms and cause disease. 

Spurr, H.W. (1994) The microbial ecology of fruit and vegetable surfaces, its relationship to postharvest biocontrol. In Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases Theory and Practice ((eds) C. Wilson and M. Wisniewski), CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 11-23. 

Theory and Equipment. Many diseases of the human body can be identified by visual appearance. Tumors in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, for example, possess a characteristic salmon pink color (3). The presence of such a color can be an indication of disease. Endoscopy is the medical imaging tool used to detect such colors in the inside of hoUow internal organs such as the rectum, urethra, urinary bladder, stomach, colon, etc. An endoscope is the instmment used to perform endoscopy. Endoscopic imaging involves the production of a tme color picture of the inside of the human body using lenses and either hoUow pipes, a fiber optic bundle, or a smaU CCD camera. AU three use a large field-of-view, sometimes referred to as a fish eye, lens to aUow a 180° field of view. 

Corona.iy Hea.rt Disea.se, A theory for atherogenesis (120) has been developed whereby oxidation of low density Hpoprotein (LDL) within the arterial wall is the critical first step. It has been hypothesized that sufficient intake of antioxidants would prevent oxidation of LDL and reduce development of coronary heart disease (122). Interest in determining the role of antioxidants in blocking LDL oxidation has led to the development of in vitro test systems. 

The first application of chlorine in potable water was introduced in the 1830s for taste and odor control, at that time diseases were thought to be spread by odors. It was not until the 1890s and the advent of the germ theory of disease that the importance of disinfection in potable water was understood. Chlorination was first introduced on a practical scale in 1908 and then became a common practice. 

Starr, 1969 approached this by investigating the "revealed preferences exhibited in society ls the result of trial and error. (Similar to the "efficient market theory" in the stock market.) Stan-conjectured that the risk of death from disease appears to determine a level of acceptable voluntary risk but that society requires a much lower level for involuntary risk. He noted that individuals seem to accept a much higher risk (by about 1000 times) if it is voluntary, e.g., sky-diving or mountain climbing, than if it is imposed, such as electric power or commercial air travel, by a correlating with the perceived benefit. From this study, a "law" of acceptable risk was found concluding that risk acceptability is proportional cube of the benefits. Figure 1.4.4-1 from Starr, 1972 shows these relationships. One aspect of revealed preferences is that these preferences do not necessarily remain constant (Starr et al., 1976). In Starr et al., 1976, it is shown that while nuclear power has the least risk of those activities compared, it also has the least perceived benefit. Clearly the public thinks that... 

Werner s coordination theory, 1, 6 Whewellite structure, 6, 849 Wickmanite structure, 6, 849 Wilkinson s catalyst, 6, 239 Wilson s disease, 5, 721 copper, 6,648 removal, 6,769 copper complexes, 2,959 copper metabolism, 6,766 radiopharmaceutical agents, 6,968 Wolfram s red salt, 5,427 Wurzite... 

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is present in 90% of patients with the classical triad of Graves disease (goiter, ophthalmopathy, dermopathy) but these features may follow independent courses and successful control of the hyperthyroidism improves TAO in less than 5% cases. Immunosuppression has been used since theories of the etiology of TAO include the presence of circulating antibodies to both thyroid and ocular muscle fibers, and of thyroglobulin-antithy-roglobulin complexes with high affinity for extraocular muscles. 

Read RC, Cornell DG. The graph isomorphism disease. / Graph Theory 1977 1 339-63. 

Thus, in diseases resulting from mutations of mtDNA, an affected mother would in theory pass the disease to all of her children but only her daughters would transmit the trait. However, in some cases, deletions in mtDNA occur during oogenesis and thus are not inherited from the mother. A number of diseases have now been shown to be due to mutations of mtDNA. These include a variety of myopathies, neurologic disorders, and some cases of diabetes mellitus. 

Rather scanty evidence exists for the participation of free radicals in Alzheimer s disease and Down s syndrome. However, more recendy, reports have appeared that suggest possible free-radical involvement in the pathogenesis of these two conditions. Zemlan et al. (1989) repotted that the activity of the free-radical scavenging enzyme, SOD, was significantly increased in fibroblast cell lines derived from familial Alzheimer s and Down s patients. They hypothesized that the elevation in SOD activity observed in the Alzheimer patients supports the theory that paired helical filaments are formed by free-radical hydroxylation of proline residues. They further su ested that SOD levels might also be increased in the brains of Alzheimer s and Down s patients, and that the increase in SOD may reflect an enhanced generation of free radicals. 

It is common practice to discontinue oral feedings during an attack of acute pancreatitis. In theory, discontinuation of oral intake will decrease the secretory functions of the pancreas and minimize further complications from the disease. Some patients can be fed with minimal oral intake. Tube feeding delivered via a nasojejunal tube will feed the patient beyond the ampulla of Vater, minimizing stimulation of the pancreas.15,16 If oral intake is discontinued for a protracted period, total parenteral nutrition must be used to maintain adequate nutrition.17,18... 

Many women seek medical treatment for the relief of menopausal symptoms, primarily hot flashes however, the role of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) has changed dramatically over the years. HRT has long been prescribed for relief of menopausal symptoms and, until recent years, has been purported to protect women from CHD. The original reason behind recommending HRT in postmenopausal women revolved around a simple theory If the hormones lost during menopause were replaced through drug therapy, women would be protected from both menopausal symptoms and chronic diseases that often follow after a woman experiences menopause. Recent studies have disproved this theory. 

The therapeutic goal in autoimmune diseases such as RA is to control disease, to establish remission, and eventually to cure. In theory, this goal can be achieved using either Ag-specific approaches, for example, elimination of self-reactive T cells (assuming that a finite number of key Ags can be identified as the target of the autoimmune process in RA), or the non-Ag-specific approaches, for example, blockade of cytokines as in the case of TNF-a neutralization. Currently, only the latter types of approaches have yielded clinical benefit, and it is in this category that approaches to block chemokines or receptors may be included. Despite their appeal in terms of effectiveness, non-Ag-specific approaches carry a higher risk of immunosuppression and opportunistic infections (48). 

Anitha S, Rao KSJ (2003) The Complexity of Aluminium-DNA Interactions Relevance to Alzheimer s and Other Neurological Diseases 104 79-98 Anthon C, Bendix J, Schaffer CE (2004) Elucidation of Ligand-Field Theory. Reformulation and Revival by Density Functional Theory 107 207-302 Aramburu JA, see Moreno M (2003) 106 127-152... 

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