Secretory function

Cilia are thin cylindrical hair-like structures with a cross-sectional radius of 0.1 gm projecting from the apical epithelial surface of ciliated columnar cells. Ciliary length is thought to correspond to periciliary fluid depth and range from approximately 7 gm in proximal airways to roughly 5 gm in more distal airways.- Each ciliated epithelial cell supports approximately 200 cilia at a density of eight cilia/gm. Short microvilli, possibly associated with secretory functions, are interspersed among the cilia. 

Kasai H (1999) Comparative biology of Ca -dependent exocytosis implications of kinetic diversity for secretory function. Trends Neurosci 22 88-93 Kasai H, Kishimoto T, Liu TT, Miyashita Y, Podini P, Grohovaz F, Meldolesi J (1999) Multiple and diverse forms of regulated exocytosis in wild-type and defective PC12 cells. Proc Natl... 

The different types or classes of phytochemicals can have multiple influences on the GIT (Kitts, 1994). For example, caffeine stimulates the motor, hormonal and secretory functions (Boekmaefa/., 1999). Although many phytochemicals reduce nutrient quality or availability, traditional herbal medicines have exploited some of these characteristics to improve health. Moreover, some of the systemic responses attributed to certain phytochemicals (beneficial or detrimental) can be explained by their influences on the GIT (Carbonaro et al., 2001). To date, the most of the information about phytochemicals is focused on the reductions in the functional capacities of the GIT (the bad), or the toxic properties (the ugly). There are also numerous examples of phytochemicals that can be used to obtain desirable GIT characteristics (the... 

KATAOKA K, DiMAGNO E p (1998) Effect of chronic amylase inhibition on pancreatic growth and acinar cell secretory function in rats. Pancreas. 17 50-56. 

It is common practice to discontinue oral feedings during an attack of acute pancreatitis. In theory, discontinuation of oral intake will decrease the secretory functions of the pancreas and minimize further complications from the disease. Some patients can be fed with minimal oral intake. Tube feeding delivered via a nasojejunal tube will feed the patient beyond the ampulla of Vater, minimizing stimulation of the pancreas.15,16 If oral intake is discontinued for a protracted period, total parenteral nutrition must be used to maintain adequate nutrition.17,18... 

P. Hyman. E. Feldman, and M. Ament, Effect of external feeding on the maintenance of gastric acid secretory function, Gastroenterology, 84, 341 (1983). 

Renal i Glomerular filtration rate i Renal blood flow T Filtration fraction i Tubular secretory function i Renal mass... 

Teo S Vore M. 1991. Mirex inhibits bile acid secretory function in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 109(1) 161-170. 

Adipocytes have an important secretory function. Numerous factors (collectively termed adipokines or adipocytokines), mostly peptides but also eicosanoids are produced by preadipocytes and mature adipocytes (Table 9.3). Some of these factors act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion to regulate adipogenesis, that is differentiation and maturation of adipocytes themselves, whilst others, notably, leptin, adiponectin and some cytokines act in truly endocrine way, having effects on the brain, endothelial cells, liver and skeletal muscle. Disturbance in secretion from adipocytes is associated with eating disorders and metabolic syndrome. 

Merten, M. D., W. Kammouni, W. Renaud, F. Birg, M. G. Mattei, and C. Figarella. 1996. A transformed human tracheal gland cell line, MM-39, that retains serous secretory functions. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 15(4) 520-8. 

T cells are lymphocytes produced by the thymus gland. There are two types of T cells involved in immune response CD4+ (CD positive, helper cells) and CD8 (CD positive, also called T killer, or suppressor, cells). When the APCs present the antigens to CD4+ helper T cells, the secretory function is activated and growth factors such as cytokines are secreted to signal the proliferation of CD8" killer cells and B cells. When the CD8" ... 

Figure 1.5 Cis and trans faces of the Golgi. The Golgi consist of four to six cisternae in a single stack but cells may contain more than one stack or, in the case of cells which have a major secretory function, larger stacks.

The autonomic nervous system is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic components, which typically exert opposing effects. The sympathetic system is involved in the fight or flight reaction (increased blood pressure and heart rate, and accommodation for increased vision, for example) that prepares the organism for stressful situations. The parasympathetic system conversely establishes a more relaxed situation, for instance, the rest period after a meal. The autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the independent control of the mechanical and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract is sometimes called the enteric system. 

At present, hippuric acid, PhC(0)NHCH2C02H, labelled in the ortho position with 131I, is the principal agent used for evaluating renal tubular secretory function, but the nuclear properties of 131I or l23I are far from ideal for this purpose.665,667 This has stimulated the search for a "Tc... 

Reduced sperm count and motility and inhibition of the secretory function of the testicles during glucocorticoid treatment have been reported and discussed in relation to the suppression of adrenal androgen production. These reports still await confirmation. 

Direct tests of secretory function such as fecal chymotrypsin and elastase 1 are the tests of first choice if the main diagnostic goal consists of noninvasive confirmation of chronic pancreatitis. Indirect tests may be preferred, however, if the main goal is to verify maldigestion (which needs not be due to loss of pancreatic secretory capacity) or to optimize enzyme treatment. For patients for whom noninvasive direct or indirect tests are negative or equivocal and diagnosis or exclusion of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency appears relevant, the invasive secretin-cerulein (SC) test should be considered. 

Jensen JB, Edgar SA. Possible secretory function of the rhoptries of Eimeria magna during penetration of cultured cells. J Parasitol 1976 62(6) 988-992. 

Pounder, K. E. (1996). Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal secretory function. Castroen-/eroJcjjy llO, 947-950. 

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