Diamond-film electrode, boron doped

In Nature the diamond structure isn t transfer electrons thus is the electrical insulator material. However a technique by modifieation diamond films with boron-doped can increase the electron transfer this characteristie electrical of hybrid can be compared to semiconductors. Without used any pretreatment and a wide potential window (approaching 3 V) including characteristics good electrochemical reactivity, mechanical hardness, and lower adsorption on surface by contamination, the diamond electrodes are highly useful for electrochemical measurements [16]. 

The boron-doped diamond film electrode is the newest of the voltammetric indicator electrodes. It is promising because of its high chemical stability, low background currents, and wide potential windows (high overpoten-... 

Fig. 3.8 Typical cyclic voltammogram of boron doped diamond film electrode. The result was tested in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at 0.1 V s 1 scan rate. The standard hydrogen gas and oxygen gas evolution potentials were marked with E t and Eq2, respectively (after Guo and Chen 2007b)...

Liu, F.B., Wang, J.D., Liu, B., Li, X.M., and Chen, D.R. (2007) Effect of electronic structures on electrochemical behaviors of surface-terminated boron-doped diamond film electrodes. Diamond Relat. Mater., 16(3), 454-460. 

Carter KE, Farrell J (2008) Oxidative destruction of perfluorooctane sulfonate using boron-doped diamond film electrodes. Environ Sci Technol 42(16) 6111-6115 Chen J, Zhang PY et al (2007) Photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet light. J Environ Sci 19(4) 387-390... 

FIG. 9. Background cyclic voltammetric i-E curves for (a) glassy carbon, (b) a moderately boron-doped microcrystalline diamond film electrode, and (c) a heavily boron-doped microcrystalline diamond film electrode in 0.1 M HCIO4. Electrode area = 0.2 cm. Scan rate = 0.1 V/s. 

FIG. 23. Transmission spectra for different materials in the (A) UV/Vis and (B) IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electrodes in (A) are (1) a thin film of ITO on quartz, (2) a thin film of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond on quartz, (3) a thin film of mechanically polished and boron-doped diamond on an optically pure, white diamond substrate, and (4) a free-standing, boron-doped, and mechanically polished diamond disc. The electrodes in (B) are (5) an optically pure and mechanically polished white diamond disc, (6) an undoped and polished (both sides) Si substrate, and (7 and 8) moderately and heavily boron-doped microcrystalline diamond thin films deposited on the undoped Si. (Reprinted with permission from Interface 2003, 12, 33. Copyright (2003) The Electrochemical Society, Inc.) (From Ref. 158.)... 

Peckova, K., Musilovi, J. and Barek, J. (2009) Boron-doped diamond film electrodes - new tool for voltammetric determination of organic substances. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem.,39, 148-172. 

Yosypchuk, O., Barek, J. and Vyskocil, V. (2012) Determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine by HPLC with electrochemical detection at a boron-doped diamond film electrode. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 494,693-699. 

Geng, R., G. H. Zhao, M. C. Liu, and M. F. Li, 2008. A sandwich structured Si02/ cytochrome c/SiOj on a boron-doped diamond film electrode as an electrochemical nitrite biosensor. Biomaterials 29 2794-801. 

Prado C, WiUdns SJ, Marken F, Compton RG (2002) Simultaneous electrochemical detection and determination of lead and copper at boron-doped diamond film electrodes. Electroanalysis 14 262-272... 

Peckova K, Musilova J, Barek J et al (2008) Voltammetric and amperometric determination of organic pollutants in drinking water using boron doped diamond film electrodes. In Lefebvre MH, Roux MM (eds) Progress on drinking water research. Nova, New York, pp 103-142... 

Musilova J, Barek J, Peckova K (2011) Determination of nitrophenols in drinking and river water by differential pulse voltammetry at boron-doped diamond film electrode. Electroanalysis 23 1236-1244... 

Dejmkova H, Barek J, Zima J (2011) Determination of aminonitrophenols in hair dyes using a carbon paste electrode and a boron-doped diamond film electrode - a comparative study. Int J Electrochem Sci 6 3550-3563... 

Lei YZ, Zhao GH, Liu MC et al (2007) Simple and feasible simultaneous determination of three phenolic pollutants on boron-doped diamond film electrode. Electroanalysis 19 1933-1938... 

Barek J, Jandova K, Peckova K et al (2007) Voltammetric determinatiim of aminobiphcmyls at a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond film electrode. Talanta 74 421-426... 

Couto et al. [11] developed a flow injection system with potentiometric detection for determination of TC, OTC, and CTC in pharmaceutical products. A homogeneous crystalline CuS/Ag2S double membrane tubular electrode was used to monitor the Cu(II) decrease due to its complexation with OTC. The system allows OTC determination within a 49.1 1.9 x 103 ppm and a precision better than 0.4%. A flow injection method for the assay of OTC, TC, and CTC in pharmaceutical formulations was also developed by Wangfuengkanagul et al. [12] using electrochemical detection at anodized boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode. The detection limit was found to be 10 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). 

Wangfuengkanagul and Chailapakul [9] described the electroanalysis of ( -penicillamine at a boron-doped diamond thin film (BDD) electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The BDD electrode exhibited a well-resolved and irreversible oxidation voltammogram, and provided a linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 10 mM with a detection limit of 25 pM in voltammetric measurement. In addition, penicillamine has been studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection using the BDD electrode. 

Boron-doped chemical-vapor-deposited diamond is an exceptionally inert carbon electrode with a very wide potential window and very low voltammetric background current. [A. E. Fischer, Y. Show, and G. M. Swain, Electrochemical Performance of Diamond Thin-Film Electrodes from Different Commercial Sources, Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2553.]... 

Electrode surface fouling is a problem in amperometric detection on microfluidic platform. Wang et al. introduced boron-doped diamond electrode with highly stable response towards detection of explosives [23]. While thick-film carbon detector displayed a gradual decrease in... 

Okino P, Shibata H, Kawasaki S, Touhara H, Momota K, Nishitani-Gamo M, Sakaguchi I, Ando T (1999) Electrochemical fluorination of 1, 4-difluorobenzene using boron-doped diamond thin-film electrodes. Electochem Solid-State Lett 2 382-384... 

In addition to thin-film electrodes, compact diamond single crystals grown at high temperature and high pressure have become the object of electrochemical study in recent years. These so-called HTHP crystals can be obtained by crystallization from a carbon solution in a metal melt (e.g., based on the Ni-Fe-Mn system) at /arranges that correspond to the conditions of thermodynamic stability of diamond. These crystals can be also doped with boron in the course of growth. 

Mcgaw, E. A. and Swain, G. M. (2006), A comparison of boron-doped diamond thin-film and hg-coated glassy carbon electrodes for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. Anal. Chim. Acta, 575(2) 180-189. 

Muna, G. W., Tasheva, N. and Swain, G. M. (2004), Electro-oxidation and amperometric detection of chlorinated phenols at boron-doped diamond electrodes A comparison of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline thin films. Environ. Sci. Technol., 38(13) 3674-3682. 

---