Doping diamond

Plenary 14. A K Ramdas et al, e-mail address akr phYsics.purdue.edu (RS). Electronic RS studies of doped diamond as potential semiconducting materials. A Raman active Is (p3 2) ls (Pi/2 transition of a hole... 

A boron-doped diamond electrode was used as prepared. 

An electrochemically oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode was used. The observed rates were concentration-dependent. 

Highly boron doped diamond film supplied by Naval Research Laboratory, USA. 

AOPs are valuable tertiary treatments allowing not only inactivation of a wide spectrum of pathogens but also the removal of a great number of the so-called emerging pollutants (pharmaceutical, personal care products). These are not totally removed during conventional treatment, but remain in the wastewater effluents [33]. Among different alternatives electrochemical oxidation with bom doped diamond electrodes (BDD) has been reported to be effective on eliminating... 

Donnet, C., Recent Progress on the Tribology of Doped Diamond-like and Carbon Alloy Coatings A Review, Surf. Coat. Technol., o. 100/101,1998,pp. 180-186. 

Zhenyu Zhang, Xinchun Lu, Jianbin Luo, Yang Liu, Chenhui Zhang, Preparation and Characterization of Fa203 Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofilms (I) Structure Analysis," Diamond Relat. Mater., Vol. 16, No. 11, 2007, pp. 1905-1911. 

Yagi I, Ishida T, et al. 2004. Electrocatal)tic reduction of oxygen to water at Au nanoclusters vacuum-evaporated on boron-doped diamond in acidic solution. Electrochem Commun 6 773-779. 

Figure 4.7. Boron scanned ion beam mass spectrometry (SIMS) image of a B-doped diamond specimen. The image is 430 pm in width, and the variation of B intensity from one grain to another is approximately a factor of 8. (Reproduced by permission of Professor J. W. Steeds.)...

Finally, the presence of ultrasound in the electrodeposition of metals can produce both massive metal and metal colloid [75]. The reduction of AuCLt- at polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes follows two pathways forming... 

Holt KB, Sabin G, Compton RG et al (2002) Reduction of tetrachloroaureate(III) at boron-doped diamond electrodes gold deposition versus gold colloid formation. Electroanalysis 14 797-803... 

Saterlay AJ, Wilkins SJ, Holt KB et al (2001) Lead dioxide deposition and electrocalysis at highly boron-doped diamond electrodes in the presence of ultrasound. J Electrochem Soc 148 E66-E72... 

Saez V, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Kulandainathan MA et al (2007) Electro-deposition and stripping of catalytically iron metal nanoparticles at boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochem Commun 9 1127-1133... 

Couto et al. [11] developed a flow injection system with potentiometric detection for determination of TC, OTC, and CTC in pharmaceutical products. A homogeneous crystalline CuS/Ag2S double membrane tubular electrode was used to monitor the Cu(II) decrease due to its complexation with OTC. The system allows OTC determination within a 49.1 1.9 x 103 ppm and a precision better than 0.4%. A flow injection method for the assay of OTC, TC, and CTC in pharmaceutical formulations was also developed by Wangfuengkanagul et al. [12] using electrochemical detection at anodized boron-doped diamond thin-film electrode. The detection limit was found to be 10 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). 

Wangfuengkanagul and Chailapakul [9] described the electroanalysis of ( -penicillamine at a boron-doped diamond thin film (BDD) electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The BDD electrode exhibited a well-resolved and irreversible oxidation voltammogram, and provided a linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 10 mM with a detection limit of 25 pM in voltammetric measurement. In addition, penicillamine has been studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection using the BDD electrode. 

The semiconductors that have been the subject of numerous investigations in bulk, alloyed, or nanocrystalline form include Si, Ge, doped diamond, SiC, (B, Al, Ga, In)(N, P, As, Sb), and (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb)(0, S, Se, Te). Nature has been exceptionally benign in providing NMR-active isotopes at natural abundances exceeding 4% for all of the preceding elements except in the cases of 13C, 33S, and 170, and enrichment with isotopic-labels has become more common. 

The discovery of superconductivity in heavily B-doped diamond, which produces p-type material, has provoked interest in using nB and 10B NMR for characterization. The nB static NMR at 4.2 K of heavily-doped diamond (2.8-8.7 x 1021 B/cm3) showed two unresolved peaks, the sharper of which was... 

In the case of boron impurities a complementary situation occurs. Boron has only three outer bonding electrons instead of the four found on carbon. Each boron impurity atom occupies a carbon position, forming Be, which results in the creation of a set of new acceptor energy levels just 0.64 x 10 19 J (0.4 eV) above the valence band. The transition of an electron from the valence band to this acceptor level has an absorption peak in the infrared, but the high-energy tail of the absorption band spills into the red at 700 nm. The boron-doped diamonds therefore absorb some red light and leave the gemstone with an overall blue color. 

J. Stotter, J. Zak, Z. Behier, Y. Show, G.M. Swain, Optical and electrochemical properties of optically transparent, boron-doped diamond thin films deposited on quartz, Anal. Chem., vol. 74, p.5924, 2002. 

K. H. Er, S. G. So, The mechanical and structural properties of Si doped diamond-like carbon prepared by reactive sputtering., Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, vol. 12, pp. 187-190, 2011. 

Figure4.2 Field emission SEM image of a monolayer ofTi02 NPs adsorbed onto a highly polished boron-doped diamond electrode. From reference [38] with permission.

Marken and coworkers examined Ti02 NPs in various types of interfadal assemblies [38, 40, 57, 58]. In their first study, commerdally available 6-nm diameter Ti02 NPs were directly adsorbed onto polished boron-doped diamond electrodes from acidic aqueous solutions containing the Ti02 sol [38]. Using field emission SEM and STM, they observed relatively uniform adsorption of the Ti02 NPs and small... 

The boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films are particifiarly attractive for electro analytical applications due to their unique characteristics, including... 

Wang, J., G. Chen, M. Chatrathi, K. Shin, and A. Fujishima. Microchip capillary electrophoresis coupled with a boron-doped diamond electrode-based electrochemical detector. Anal. Chem. 75, 935-939 (2003). 

Sires I., P.L. Cabot, F. CenteUas, J.A. Garrido, R.M. Rodriguez, C. Arias, and E. Brillas (2006). Electrochemical degradation of clofibric acid in water by anodic oxidation Comparative study with platinum and boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 52 75-85. 

The electrode material for electrofluo-rination processes is important, and new materials with high conductivity but chemically inert surface characteristics are desirable. Materials such as Ni, Monel, or HastaUoy are commonly employed [46] and the use of Pt has been pioneered by Schmidt [47]. Boron-doped diamond is a novel electrode material with a chemically highly inert surface suitable for... 

---