Diamond electrode

Diamond electrodes thus open up new opportunities for work under extreme conditions, including very high anodic potentials, surfactant-rich 

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A boron-doped diamond electrode was used as prepared. 

An electrochemically oxidized boron-doped diamond electrode was used. The observed rates were concentration-dependent. 

A polycrystalline synthetic diamond electrode was used, values of A o range between 6-10 and 2.4-10 cm s . 

A synthetic diamond electrode was used values of range between 8.5-10 and 1.2-10 cm s. ... 

AOPs are valuable tertiary treatments allowing not only inactivation of a wide spectrum of pathogens but also the removal of a great number of the so-called emerging pollutants (pharmaceutical, personal care products). These are not totally removed during conventional treatment, but remain in the wastewater effluents [33]. Among different alternatives electrochemical oxidation with bom doped diamond electrodes (BDD) has been reported to be effective on eliminating... 

CVD diamond films can be used for electrochemical applications, especially in harsh or corrosive environments. Conducting diamond electrodes, made by adding boron to CVD diamond films, are very inert compared to other electrode materials (such as platinum). Such diamond electrodes may find applications in analysis of contaminants, such as nitrates, in water supplies, and even in the removal of those contaminants. 

Zhang Y, Suryanarayanan V, et al. 2004. Electrochemical behaviour of Au nanoparticle deposited on as-grown and O-terminated diamond electrodes for oxygen reduction in alkaline solution. Electrochim Acta 2004 5235-5240. 

Note Electronic conductivity, and even superconductivity at ca. 10 K, was observed with a new carbon polymorph, buckminsterfullerene, synthesized in 1990. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of a semiconducting diamond electrode were studied by Pleskov.)... 

Finally, the presence of ultrasound in the electrodeposition of metals can produce both massive metal and metal colloid [75]. The reduction of AuCLt- at polycrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes follows two pathways forming... 

Holt KB, Sabin G, Compton RG et al (2002) Reduction of tetrachloroaureate(III) at boron-doped diamond electrodes gold deposition versus gold colloid formation. Electroanalysis 14 797-803... 

Saterlay AJ, Wilkins SJ, Holt KB et al (2001) Lead dioxide deposition and electrocalysis at highly boron-doped diamond electrodes in the presence of ultrasound. J Electrochem Soc 148 E66-E72... 

Saez V, Gonzalez-Garcia J, Kulandainathan MA et al (2007) Electro-deposition and stripping of catalytically iron metal nanoparticles at boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochem Commun 9 1127-1133... 

Fig. 3.87. Chromatograms of the batch solutions before (dotted lines) and after hydrolysis (continuous lines) of three dyes on a diamond electrode. Hexane extract of SLB (org.) and aqueous extract of SLY (aq.) (right axis). Column Octyl, flow rate 0.8 ml/min, temperature 29°C, detection wavelength 220 nm, mobile phase aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 5)-methanol (50 50, v/v) (SLY, SNO) and linear gradient methanol-water (40 60, v/v) to 50 50 (SLB). Reprinted with permission from M. M. Davila et al. [149].

Figure4.2 Field emission SEM image of a monolayer ofTi02 NPs adsorbed onto a highly polished boron-doped diamond electrode. From reference [38] with permission.

Marken and coworkers examined Ti02 NPs in various types of interfadal assemblies [38, 40, 57, 58]. In their first study, commerdally available 6-nm diameter Ti02 NPs were directly adsorbed onto polished boron-doped diamond electrodes from acidic aqueous solutions containing the Ti02 sol [38]. Using field emission SEM and STM, they observed relatively uniform adsorption of the Ti02 NPs and small... 

Wang, J., G. Chen, M. Chatrathi, K. Shin, and A. Fujishima. Microchip capillary electrophoresis coupled with a boron-doped diamond electrode-based electrochemical detector. Anal. Chem. 75, 935-939 (2003). 

Sires I., P.L. Cabot, F. CenteUas, J.A. Garrido, R.M. Rodriguez, C. Arias, and E. Brillas (2006). Electrochemical degradation of clofibric acid in water by anodic oxidation Comparative study with platinum and boron-doped diamond electrodes. Electrochimica Acta 52 75-85. 

The suitability of boron-doped diamond as anode material for the generation of aggressive reagents, such as bromine, has been investigated. Vinokur et al. reported that the electron transfer at boron-doped diamond electrodes is strongly affected by the nature of the electrode process. Irmer-sphere processes such as the bromine evolution from bromide seem to be Id-netically slow, [73,120] in particular, when occurring positive of a potential of approximately —0.05 V vs. SCE. This is currently limiting possible wider applications of boron-doped diamond electrode materials. 

Fig. 2 Comparison of the experimental dimensionless current-time transients for electrodeposition of mercury onto boron-doped diamond electrode with the theoretical transients for instantaneous (upper curve) and progressive (lower curve) nucleation overpotentials (x) 0.862 V and ( ) 0.903 V (from Ref 33).

Sopchak D, Miller B, Avygal Y, Kalish R (2002) Rotating ring-disk electrode studies of the oxidation of p-methoxyphenol and hydroquinone at boron-doped diamond electrodes. J. Electroanal Chem 538 39-45. 

If the supporting electrolyte and the electrode material are chosen appropriately, the potential window in such protophobic aprotic solvents as AN, NM, PC and TMS easily exceeds 6 V (Table 8.1, see also 15) in Chapter 8). In aqueous solutions, the potential window never exceeds 4.5 V, even when a mercury electrode is used on the negative side and a diamond electrode on the positive side. This difference is important not only for electrochemical measurements but also for electrochemical technologies of, for example, rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. For more information on the potential windows in non-aqueous solutions, see Ref. [10]. 

S. Ferro and A. De Battisti, The 5-V Window of Polarizability of Fluorinated Diamond Electrodes in Aqueous Solution, Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 7040. 

Fig. 11.4. Cyclic voltammograms for 0.3 mM 2,4-DCP in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 2) at (A) glassy carbon, (B) as-deposited diamond, and (C) anodic-ally oxidized diamond electrodes. Dotted lines show the residual voltammograms. Bold lines and thin lines show the first cycle and fifth cycle, respectively. The sweep rate was 0.1 Vs-1.

Fig. 11.5. pH dependence of the peak potential for 2,4-DCP at (O) as-deposited diamond and ( ) anodically oxidized diamond electrodes in Britton-Robinson buffer. 

Reproducible electrochemical analysis of phenolic compounds 11.2.3 Deactivation of diamond electrodes... 

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