Nitrite biosensor

Cytochrome c MWCNT/poly(amidoamine)/ chitosan modified GCE Nitrite biosensor [119]... 

Geng, R., G. H. Zhao, M. C. Liu, and M. F. Li, 2008. A sandwich structured Si02/ cytochrome c/SiOj on a boron-doped diamond film electrode as an electrochemical nitrite biosensor. Biomaterials 29 2794-801. 

Microelectronic technologies have also been used in nitrite biosensors and electrochemical sensors (Suzuki and Taura, 2001 Adhikari and Majumdar, 2004). Ameida et al. (2013) have also developed a method of electrochemical nitrite measurement by means of a gold working electrode covered with 1,2-diaminobenzene (DAB) integrated in a FIA system. This sensor helps improve selectivity, repeatability, stability, and sensitivity. A Nafion/lead-ruthenate pyrochlore electrode chemically modified for determination of NO2 oxidation and NO reduction based on AC-impedance spectroscopy and FIA has also been tested (Zen et al., 2000). Quan and Shin (2010) also tested an electrochemical nitrite biosensor based on co-immobilization of copper-containing nitrite reductase and viologen-modified chitosan (CHIT-V) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). 

Quan, D. and W. Shin. 2010. A nitrite biosensor based on co-immobilization of nitrite reductase and viologen-modified chitosan on a glassy carbon electrode. Sensors (Basel) 10 6241-6256. 

Wu, Q., Storrier, G.D., Pariente, F., Wang, Y., Shapleigh, J.P., Abruna, H.D., 1997. A nitrite biosensor based on a maltose binding protein nitrite reductase fusion immobihzed on an electropolymerized film of a pyrrole-derived bipyridinium. Anal. Chem. 69 (23), 4856—4863. 

Plumere N (2013) Interferences from oxygen reduction reactions in bioelectroanalytical measurements the case study of nitrate and nitrite biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 405 3731-3738... 

One of the important purposes for the study of the direct electron transfer of protein is to construct the mediator-free protein-based biosensors. These biosensors can determine many small molecules like H202, 02, NO, nitrite, small organic peroxide, and so on. They also can determine glucose, alcohol, and amino acids by... 

Biocompatible nanosized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer films provided a suitable microenvironment for heme proteins to transfer electron directly with underlying pyrolytic graphite electrodes. The Mb-PAMAM film can catalytically reduced oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and nitrite, indicating that the potential applicability of the film can be used to fabricate a new type of biosensor or bioreactor based on the direct electron transfer of Mb [234],... 

Nitrite can also be catalytically reduced by the Mb-CMC film electrode. When an Mb-CMC film electrode was placed in a pH 5.5 buffer containing N02, a new reduction peak appeared at about -0.8 V while the original Mb Fem/Fen peak pair at about -0.25 V was intact. This new peak increased with the concentration of N02 and the catalytic reduction peak of nitrite increased linearly with nitrite concentration in the range of 0.6-8mM with a detection limit of 0.32mM. Oxygen and hydrogen peroxide are also often detected by biosensors based on the direct electrochemistry of Mb in the Mb-CMC film electrode. 

A biosensor for nitrite [24] was recently proposed for monitoring nitrite concentration in activated sludge exposed to oxic/anoxic cycles. The biosensor contains bacteria reducing only N02 into N20, which is subsequently monitored by a built-in electrochemical sensor. Up to 90% of the response is obtained in about 1 min, and the detection limit is around 5 mg L1, a concentration sufficient for treatment process monitoring. Unfortunately, the maximum operational lifetime of the N02 biosensor is 6 weeks and some problems may occur with time. 

Nielsen, M. Revsbech, N.P. Larsen, L.H. Lynggaard-Jensen, A. On-line determination of nitrite in wastewater treatment by use of a biosensor. Water Sci. Technol. 2002, 45, 69-76. 

The oxygen demand by the nitrifying bacteria is therefore a measure of the ammonia concentration in the sample. For this rapid determination method a detection limit for ammonium in the ppb-range was observed. Because this biosensor reacts also to nitrite and urea, but shows only little reaction to other C-compounds (see Table 7), it is further suitable for the summary quantitation of nitrifiable N-compounds, the so-called N-BOD [85,861. This parameter can be useful for the control of aerobic wastewater treatment processes, due to the fact that the oxygen demand for nitrifiable N-compounds can make up to 20-40% of the total oxygen demand. 

Table 9. Determination of ammonium ions, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and urea with microbial biosensors on respiratory basis...

Reshetelov AN, Iliasov PV, Knackmus HJ, Boronin AM (2000) The nitrite oxidizing activity of Nitrobacter strains as a base of microbial biosensor for nitrite detection. Anal Lett 33 29-41... 

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