Dextrin sulfate

Other vaginal gels with virucidal properties or capable of interfering with sexually transmitted diseases (in particular with HIV virus) have been reported [25], In particular, gel formulations based on a naphthalene sulfonate polymer named PRO 2000 and dextrin sulfate have been developed as topical microbicides to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens. 

HIV infection in humans is now pandemic. As of January 2006, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized on December 1, 1981, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries. An alternative therapy to circumvent this problem is the use of polyanionic substances, which demonstrated a number of promising features as potential anti-HIV drug candidates. In this respect, various SPs (e.g., heparin, DS, dextrin sulfate, cyclo dextrin sulfate, curdlan sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, mannan sulfate, sulfoevernan, and fucoidan) and derivatives thereof (e.g., O-acylated heparin, polyacetal polysulfate, polyvinyl alcohol sulfate, and modified cyclo dextrin sulfates) have been found to inhibit HIV replication in vitro at concentrations that are up to 10 000-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentration [2,71]. 

Dextrin, 32, 136, 137, 174 Dextrin sulfate, 256 Diabetes mellitus, 71 Dialkylphosphoric acid aluminum, 190 Diamide, 201 Diapers, 25-6... 

Nishi has found that chondroitin sulfate A and C are more effective in the resolution of basic drugs than dextran or dextrin and even dextran sulfate because of additional ionic interactions with sulfate or carboxylic groups. The small ionic character of chondroitin sulfate C leads to large enantiose-lectivity under acidic conditions, whereas heparin was not so effective. Using neutral polysaccharides, only hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding may occur (117). 

J. Comp a luce azzurra per stelle (Compn for blue light star) a) KC103 70, ammoniacal Cu sulfate 15 shellac 15% b) KC103 50, Paris. green 20, BatNO 17, shellac 10 gum arabic or dextrin 3% (Izzo, p 213)... 

The rate at which the aminoguanidine sulfate is added to the solution of sodium nitrite determines the size of the tetrazene crystals. If the aminoguanidine sulfate is added quickly, small crystals are formed, whereas large crystals are formed when the solution is introduced slowly. Dextrin can be added to the reacting solution to obtain a more uniform crystal size. 

Drum dryers potatoes, cereals, buttermilk, skim milk, dextrins, yeasts, instant oat meal, polyacylamides, sodium benzoate, propionates, acetates, phosphates, chelates, aluminum oxide, m-disulfuric acid, barium sulfate, calcium acetate-arsenate-carbonate-hydrate-phosphate, caustic, ferrous sulfate, glue, lead arsenate, sodium benzene sulfonate, and sodium chloride... 

Fuels aluminum, magnesium, antimony sulfate, dextrin, sulfur, and titanium. 

Cellulose acetate phthalate Dextrin-2-sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate Lactobacillus crispatus Polystyrene sulfonate Polyherbal extracts Naphthalene sulfonate polymer C31G... 

Clarity and Color of Solution A 1 10 aqueous solution is colorless and has no more turbidity than a standard mixture prepared as follows Dilute 0.2 mL of Standard Chloride Solution (see Chloride and Sulfate Limit Tests, Appendix IIIB) with water to 20 mL add 1 mL of 1 3 nitric acid, 0.2 mL of a 1 50 dextrin solution, and 1 mL of a 1 50 silver nitrate solution mix and allow to stand for 15 min. 

Polysaccharides Hydrogen bonds and dipole-dipole interactions with hydroxyl groups of the sugar molecules are assumed to be the main interactions. In some cases, the helical structure of dextrins might be responsible for chiral recognition. Heparin, dextran sulfate, dermatan sulfate, streptomycin sulfate, amylose, chondroitin sulfate C, laminaran, dextrin sulfopropyl, and kanamycin sulfate. Doxylamine, laudanosine, naproxen, oxamniquine, pheniramine, primaquine, timepidium, trimetoquinol, etc. 

Citric acid Copper oxychloride Copper sulfate Cream of tartar Dextrin Dyestuffs Ethanol Ethyl bromide Ethyl chloride Ethyl ether Ethylene bromide Ferrous sulfate Formaldehyde Formic acid Furfural... 

In this procedure [3, 12, 13] a known excess of standard ceric ammonium nitrate solution is added to an azide solution or slurry. The excess ceric ammonium nitrate is titrated with standard ferrous ammonium sulfate or sodium oxalate, using ferroin as indicator. The method is extremely simple and flee from hazard once the reagents have been mixed. A serious drawback is that dextrin and polyvinyl alcohol are oxidized by ceric ion. Blay [1] reports gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose are not oxidized. The method is as follows. 

The enantiomeric separation of some racemic antihistamines and antimalar-ials, namely (+/-)-pheniramine, (+/-)-bromopheniramine, (+/-)-chlorophen-iramine, (+/-)-doxylamine, and (+/-)-chloroquine, were investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The enantiomeric separation of these five compounds was obtained by addition of 7 mM or 1 % (w/v) of sulfated P-cyclo-dextrin to the buffer as a chiral selector. It was found that the type of substituent and degree of substitution on the rim of the cyclodextrin structure played a very important part in enhancing chiral recognition (174). The use of sulfated P-cyclo-dextrin mixtures as chiral additives was evaluated for the chiral resolution of neutral, cyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes. While there was no resolution of the monoterpene enantiomers with the sulfated P-cyclodextrin, the addition of a-cyclodextrin resulted in mobility differences for the terpenoid enantiomers. Resolution factors of 4-25 were observed. The role of both a-cyclodextrin and sulfated P-cyclodextrin in these separations was discussed (187). The enantiomeric separation of 56 compounds of pharmaceutical interest, including anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antihistamines, antimalarials, relaxants, and broncodilators, was studied. The separations were obtained at pH 3.8 with the anode at the detector end of the capillary. Most of the 40 successfully resolved enantiomers contained a basic functionality and a stereogenic carbon (173). 

A review of enantiomeric separations by CE using polysaccharides as chiral selectors has been reported (217). Ionic and neutral polysaccharides (e.g., heparin, chondroitin sulfate, dextrin, and maltodextrins) have been used to resolved enantiomers. Racemic acidic drugs were resolved with maltodextrins (218), while heparins and cyclodextrins were used to resolve oxamigue (219). A large number of drugs have been found to bind enantioselectively to proteins. 

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