Detergents sodium lauryl sulfate

The surfactant most commonly used is the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulfate. Other surfactants that have been used include sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [25155-30-0] sodium A/-lauroyl sarcosinate or Gardol [137-16-6] and sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfonate [3694-90-4]. Cationic and nonionic surfactants are not used for several reasons, including incompatibiUty with the abrasive system and lack of high foaming capabiUty. 

Information regarding the distribution of the very commonly used detergent sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) also appears in Table V. Twenty-four hrs. after injection of the form of SLS, most of it (65%) has been excreted in the urine of the shark. At the earlier time point, 4 hrs., the hepatic tissue has a higher concentration and quantity of the detergent than any other tissue. Muscle retained the isotope longer than did other tissues in this table and may represent sulfur exchange with endogenous substances. 

The prototypical shampoo surfactant is the detergent sodium lauryl sulfate, (see Section 7.4.) A big advantage of detergents is that in hard water they don t form... 

Shampoo bodywash Detergents Sodium lauryl sulfate, Cocamidopropyl betaine. Ammonium lauryl sulfate, Cocamide DEA, Cocamide MEIA Skin irritation. Can promote the formation of cancer-causing substances known as nitrosamines in products during storage. Also found in bubble bath and liquid hand soaps. 

Robbins and Reich [3] have described studies relating quantitative combing behavior to the single-hber properties of curvature, friction, stiffness, and diameter for straight, wavy, and kinky hair, aU treated with a shampoo detergent (sodium lauryl sulfate), a long-chain quaternary ammonium compound (stearalkonium chloride), a commercial pomade (from mineral oil and petrolatum), and a hair bleach (peroxide/persulfate system). 

FIGURE 2. Structure of a typical anionic detergent. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a mixture of sodium normal primary alkyl sulfates, consisting chiefly of sodium dodecyl sulfate. 

Basically a latex is synthesized by mixing monomer, surface active agent (surfactant), and an initiator (free radical source) into the water see Rgure 4.22 (88). The initiator is usually activated by heat. A widely used initiator is potassium persulfate. Surfactants are molecules that have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end. These form micelles in the water, with the hydrophilic end facing outward, shielding the hydrophobic portion. The surfactant can be a soap or detergent, sodium lauryl sulfate being a typical example. The turbid or hazy appearance of soap in water is due to the presence of micelles. The surfactant dissolves the oil-soluble monomer in much the same way as the soap micelles dissolve skin oil in ordinary toiletry. Some of the surfactant remains... 

Chlorobenzoate, 3-methyl-4-nitro-phenol, and the detergents sodium lauryl sulfate and Tween 80 had increased toxicity with the addition of calcium and EDTA. No correlation between the structure of the chemical and the effect of EDTA and calcium could be ascertained. For example, streptomycin and neomycin are bofli amino glycoside antibiotics. Calcium and EDTA did not affect the toxicity of Streptomycin but nearly eliminated the toxicity of Neomycin. 

Detergents are substances including soaps that cleanse by micellar action A large number of synthetic detergents are known One example is sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate has a long hydrocarbon chain terminating m a polar sulfate ion and forms soap like micelles m water... 

Detergents are designed to be effective in hard water meaning water containing calcium salts that form insoluble calcium carboxylates with soaps These precipitates rob the soap of Its cleansing power and form an unpleasant scum The calcium salts of synthetic deter gents such as sodium lauryl sulfate however are soluble and retain their micelle forming ability even m hard water... 

Sodium lauryl sulfate is available in solution, paste, and soHd forms. As a solution its activity ranges between 28—30%, and as a paste it is 55% active. With this detergent in a shampoo, inorganic salts can affect viscosity. In addition, the limited solubiHty of sodium lauryl sulfate requires its judicious use in low cloud point clear shampoo systems. 

Fig. 4. Physical property curves for aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate where A is detergency B, density change C, conductivity (high frequency) D, surface...

Various detergents were examined for their effect on lather properties. It was observed that alkyl aryl sulfonates (like sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) and alkyl sulfates (like sodium lauryl sulfate) had the biggest impact as foam boosters. This is not surprising, as both surfactants have head groups with high charge density, which is important for achieving rapid and stable foam [20],... 

Alcohol sulfates (AS) are usually manufactured by the reaction of a primary alcohol with sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid followed by neutralization with a base. These are high foam surfactants but they are sensitive to water hardness and higher levels of phosphates are required. This latter requirement has harmed the market for this type of detergent, but they are 2% of production for the major household surfactant market. Sodium lauryl sulfate (R = Cn) is a constituent of shampoos to take advantage of its high-foaming properties. 

These are cleansing agents and decreases surface tension of dentrifrice. Most common detergent used in dentistry is sodium lauryl sulfate. They cause loosening of debris which adhere to teeth and also dissolving fatty substances and mucous plaques. They also act as an lubricant when scrubbed over the teeth. 

The most current method of nitroglycerin application is a transdermal device or skin patch. A cross section of such a patch is illustrated in Figure 6. The patch is actually a multi-layered polymer stack. The semipermeable membrane which comes in contact with the skin is usually composed of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or polypropylene. The reservoir contains the drug in a hydrogel or polymer matrix or solvent (the material must be chosen to insure uniform delivery). Examples of some solvents used include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS - a detergent) and propylene glycol/oleic acid. 

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