Additives copper oxychloride

In the course of time several combinations of active substances have been introduced. Zineb combined with copper oxychloride exhibits a synergistic effect (Payen et al., 1954). The antifungal action of ziram against Botrytis spp. is increased by several orders of magnitude by the addition of complex-forming organic compounds e. g., 2-iminocyclopentane dithiocarboxylic acid (36) (Matolcsy et al.,... 

The mineral silica is available from a number of sources ranging from natural deposits to byproducts from chemical processing. It is generally available as a finely divided powder which facilitates its use as an additive. It has been employed to reduce deposition and corrosion problems associated with vanadium in fuel oil. In some coal fired equipment silica has been added with copper oxychloride to control slagging [Radway and Hoffman 1987]. 

James and Fisher [1967] reported the use of copper oxychloride (3 CuO.CuCl Hf)) as a coal additive to reduce slagging in pulverised coal boilers. Its use in a UK power station resulted in a dramatic reduction in slagging by the production of a soft friable deposit which was easily removed fi-om the furnace walls. 

Livingston, W.R., Sanyal, A. and Williamson, J., 1983, The role of copper oxychloride in reducing slagging in pulverised fuel fired boilers. Proc. Conf. The Effectiveness of Fuel Additives. Inst. Energy, Leatherhead. 

Sanyal, A., 1990, Copper oxychloride as a fireside additive in coal fired utility boilers, CS6751 Research Project 1839 - 4, EPRJ, Palo Alto. 

Sanyal, A. and Coleman, C.R., 1982, The control of slagging in coal fired utility boiler furnaces a case history of the use of copper oxychloride as a fireside additive. ASME Paper 82-JPGC-Ful. 

The preparation of the A -desmethyl analogue, amoxapine (39-7), illustrates an alternate approach in which the oxygen ether linkage is formed last. Reaction of the imidazolide (39-2) from 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid (39-1) and carbonyldiimidazole with ort/zo-aminophenol (39-3) gives the benzamide (39-4). This is then converted to its imino chloride (39-5) with the ubiquitous phosphorus oxychloride. Treatment of the product with piperazine leads to the amidine (39-6), probably by an addition-elimination sequence. Copper catalyzed displacement of chlorine by phenoxide closes the ring there is thus obtained amoxapine (39-7) [40]. 

A. 7, -Diohloro-l-methylbieyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one. A 500-mL, two-necked, round-bottomed flask 1s equipped with a Teflon-covered magnetic stirring bar, a 250-mL pressure-equalizing addition funnel topped with a gas inlet, and a condenser connected to a Nujol-filled bubbler (Note 1). The system 1s flushed with nitrogen (Note 2). The flask 1s then charged with 10.0 g (ca. 150 nmol) of zinc-copper couple (Note 3), 200 mL of anhydrous ether (Note 4), and 10.5 mL (8.2 g, 100 mmol) of 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene (Note 5) and the addition funnel is filled with a solution of 13.4 mL (21.8 g, 120 mmol) of trlchloroacetyl chloride (Note 5) and 11.2 mL (18.4 g, 120 mmol) of phosphorus oxychloride (Note 6) 1n 100 mL of anhydrous ether. Magnetic... 

The detection of the impurities accompanying the sulphide can be made thus —The mineral is pulverised and is heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid, until all of it enters into solution. The lead will separate out in the form of lead chloride, upon the cooling of the liquid. Water added to the clear supernatant liquid will cause the precipitation of antimony oxychloride (SbOCl), a white powder, while iron and copper remain in solution. Copper may be detected by the blue coloration when a few drops of ammonia are added to the filtrate, while the presence of iron may be proven by the addition of a solution of potassium ferrocyanidc. 

The active components are usually oxychlorides or chlorides of transition metals, particularly copper. The promotional effect of rare earth chlorides has been known for some time (15) and the Shell catalyst used in a fluid bed process contains rare earth and alkali metal chlorides in addition to copper chloride. The (SLP) nature of the catalyst is clearly spelt out in the patents (16). A large surface area of the support may increase the activity but only insofar as the reactant can easily enter the pellet. Excessive catalyst loading can lead to pore blocking and an anticipated maximum activity for a specific loading is noted. 

---